Neurogenesis in the rat neonate's hippocampus with maternal short‐term REM sleep deprivation restores by royal jelly treatment

Abstract

Background: Numerous studies have shown the effects of rapid eye movement sleep deprivation (REM-SD) on behavior and brain structures. The impact of REM-SD on learning and memory, thus neurogenesis, has been reported in previous studies. Royal jelly (RJ) is known as the wealthiest biological nutrient with various physiological properties. This study aimed to study the possible effect of RJ on neurogenesis of the rat hippocampus neonates following exposure of mother to REM-SD during pregnancy.Methods: Thirty neonate rats from 15 pregnant Wistar rats were used. To induce REM-SD, the flowerpot method was used. The pregnant rats were divided into five groups (n = 3): group 1, no treatment; group 2, REM-SD; groups 3, 4, and 5, REM-SD +RJ. The former group received 72 h REM-SD during pregnancy (days 7, 14, 21), and the latter group received REM-SD + RJ (three trial groups). At week 4, the rat neonates of all groups were sacrificed (n = 6 each group). Their brains were fixed, removed, and prepared for Nissl and Hoechst 33342 staining. By using real time polymerase chain reaction methode the brain-derived neurotrophic factor BDNF gene expression was studied (RT-PCR), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene expression was studied.The results were analyzed statistically, and the Pv < .05 was considered significant. Results:The results showed a significant decrease in the number of neurons in the hippocampus of neonatal rats of REM-SD mothers compared to the neonates of the mother with REM-SD + RJ. REM-SD also led to an increase in apoptosis reaching the neonates from the REM-SD + RJ animals. High expression of BDNF was observed in the hippocampus of the neonates from REM-SD + RJ treated mothers. Conclusion:RJ acts as a neuroprotective agent that could compensate for the effects of REM-SD on learning and memory via restoring neurogenesis.

The stress of losing sleep: Sex-specific neurobiological outcomes

“…Offspring from sleep-deprived dams also show a delay in sleep pattern development compared to controls and increased risk-taking behaviors during adolescence ( Aswathy et al, 2018a , 2018b ; Gulia et al, 2015 ; Radhakrishnan et al, 2015 ). In adulthood, hippocampal neurogenesis is reduced after prenatal SleepDep, and offspring show impaired hippocampal long-term potentiation and learning ( Han et al, 2020 ; Khodaverdiloo et al, 2021 ; Peng et al, 2016 ; Zhao et al, 2014 , 2015 ). Alterations in immune function are indicated by preclinical reports of increased pro-inflammatory and microglial activation in offspring whose mothers experienced SleepDep during gestation.…”

The endogenous antioxidant ability of royal jelly in Drosophila is independent of Keap1/Nrf2 by activating oxidoreductase activity

“…Yet, there is little definitive experimental data to support this conclusion. RJ has been shown to act as a neuroprotective agent, potentially compensating for the side effects of sleep deprivation on learning and memory (Khodaverdiloo et al, 2021). Honeybee queen larvaderived product may be involved in the regulation of the gut microbiota to improve sleep disorder in insomniac mice induced by exogenous drug (Tang et al, 2021).…”