Neuronal excitability control in health and disease: A neurophysiological comparison of REM sleep and epilepsy

Elazar, Zeev; Hobson, J. Allan

doi:10.1016/0301-0082(85)90002-4

Cited by 51 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 263 publications

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“…Lower doses of carbachol, when injected into the pons of cats, were shown to produce a state similar to REM sleep that was correlated with activation of pontine neurons (Vivaldi et al, 1980). Our finding that larger amounts of carbachol can induce local seizures and convulsions points to the possibility that the two states, REM sleep and brainstem epilepsy, represent different degrees of activation of the pontine neurons (Elazar and Hobson, 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

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Brainstem Experimental Seizures Produced by Microinjections of Carbachol

Elazar

Feldman

1987

Epilepsia

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Microinjections of 2-10 micrograms of carbachol into the mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF) and pontine reticular formation (PRF) of rats consistently induced local electroencephalographic seizures. These seizures had organized, rhythmical patterns and were long lasting. They spread powerfully and bilaterally between the MRF and PRF and also to the hippocampus and cortex. The electroencephalographic seizures were accompanied by severe, long-lasting convulsions. These convulsions were clonic and bilateral, started in the head area and progressed rostro-caudally to become generalized to the entire body. Other nonconvulsive behaviors were activated by the seizures. Immobility and catalepsy were the most frequent nonconvulsive correlates of the brainstem carbachol seizures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Our finding that larger amounts of carbachol can induce local seizures and convulsions points to the possibility that the two states, REM sleep and brainstem epilepsy, represent different degrees of activation of the pontine neurons (Elazar and Hobson, 1985). …”

Section: ) or By Interactions Between The Reticular Formation Andmentioning

confidence: 97%

Brainstem Experimental Seizures Produced by Microinjections of Carbachol

Elazar

Feldman

1987

Epilepsia

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“…Given the new findings on selective limbic activation in REM sleep (Braun et al 1997;Maquet et al 1996;Nofzinger et al 1997), it seems reasonable to suppose that a similar, though normal, process may also drive the dreaming brain. This epilepsy analogy is also cogent because the internal signals of REM sleep are spike and wave complexes arising in the pons and amygdala (Elazar & Hobson 1985). This epilepsy analogy is also cogent because the internal signals of REM sleep are spike and wave complexes arising in the pons and amygdala (Elazar & Hobson 1985).…”

Section: Input Sourcementioning

confidence: 95%

Covert REM sleep effects on REM mentation: Further methodological considerations and supporting evidence

Nielsen¹

2000

Behav Brain Sci

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Whereas many researchers see a heuristic potential in the covert REM sleep model for explaining NREM sleep mentation and associated phenomena, many others are unconvinced of its value. At present, there is much circumstantial support for the model, but validation is lacking on many points. Supportive findings from several additional studies are summarized with results from two new studies showing (1) NREM mentation is correlated with duration of prior REM sleep, and (2) REM sleep signs (eye movements, phasic EMG) occur frequently in NREM sleep. The covert REM sleep model represents one class of explanatory models that combines the two assumptions of mind-body isomorphism and a 1-gen mentation generator; its future development will depend largely upon a more detailed understanding of sleep state interactions and their contribution to mind-body isomorphisms.

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“…However, the network of brain regions that PGO waves propagate through does vary from species to species, with only the Pons and to some extent the Lateral Geniculate Body of the Visual Thalamus forming a common neurophysiological location across all mammalian species tested thus far. The PGO wave profile strongly resembles that of a sub-threshold epileptiform burst (Elazar and Hobson, 1985), and like other epileptiform bursts they may propagate and spread throughout the brain, potentially via top-down activation by the Amygdala and the Prefrontal Cortex. Beyond this, little is known except that they are also early predictors for the onset of REM sleep, and are reproducible in vivo through Acetylcholine microinjections to the brainstem (Vanni-Mercier and Debilly, 1998; Márquez-Ruiz and Escudero, 2009).…”

Section: Introduction To Pgo Wavesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Towards a Functional Understanding of PGO Waves

Gott

Liley

Hobson

2017

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Ponto-Geniculo-Occipital (PGO) waves are biphasic field potentials identified in a range of mammalian species that are ubiquitous with sleep, but can also be identified in waking perception and eye movement. Their role in REM sleep and visual perception more broadly may constitute a promising avenue for further research, however what was once an active field of study has recently fallen into stasis. With the reality that invasive recordings performed on animals cannot be replicated in humans; while animals themselves cannot convey experience to the extent required to elucidate how PGO waves factor into awareness and behavior, innovative solutions are required if significant research outcomes are to ever be realized. Advances in non-invasive imaging technologies and sophistication in imaging methods now offer substantial scope to renew the study of the electrophysiological substrates of waking and dreaming perception. Among these, Magnetoencephalogram (MEG) stands out through its capacity to measure deep brain activations with high temporal resolution. With the current trend in sleep and dream research to produce translational findings of psychopathological and medical significance, in addition to the clear links that PGO wave generation sites share, pharmacologically, with receptors involved in expression of mental illness; there is a strong case to support scientific research into PGO waves and develop a functional understanding of their broader role in human perception.

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Neuronal excitability control in health and disease: A neurophysiological comparison of REM sleep and epilepsy

Cited by 51 publications

References 263 publications

Brainstem Experimental Seizures Produced by Microinjections of Carbachol

Brainstem Experimental Seizures Produced by Microinjections of Carbachol

Covert REM sleep effects on REM mentation: Further methodological considerations and supporting evidence

Towards a Functional Understanding of PGO Waves

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