“…MCs have been shown to express receptors for neuropeptides, which can activate MCs inducing cytokine production and mediator release (28), including a rich source of several potent angiogenic factors (9, 20, 21). Furthermore, neuropeptides have been shown to influence the release of angiogenic factors by pulp fibroblasts (29). Taken together, these findings suggest that neuropeptides can modulate angiogenesis in periapical lesions.…”