Neuroprotective Effects of SG-168 Against Oxidative Stress-Induced Apoptosis in PC12 Cells

Abstract

Postmortem examinations of tissues of humans and rodents with a host of neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, have identified oxidative damage in proteins, lipids, and DNA. The aim of this study was to better understand the cellular mechanisms of neuronal cell degeneration induced via oxidative stress and the protective roles of bioactive substance. In order to achieve this aim, we established a screening program to discover therapeutic agents that exhibit preferential neuroprotective activity in H(2)O(2)-treated PC12 cells. During the course of our screening program, we isolated an active compound, SG-168, from Dendrobium nobile Lindley and identified it as a neuroprotective agent. SG-168 was identified as a compound with an acetal skeleton, a prototypical compound, by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry analysis and various nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic methods. The protective effect of SG-168 in PC12 cells with H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative damage was investigated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide reduction assay. As expected, incubation with H(2)O(2) for 2 hours resulted in cell viability of 31.8% compared to the control, while pretreatment of SG-168 increased cell viability by 15-50% compared to the H(2)O(2)-stressed control cells. These results showed that SG-168 inhibits H(2)O(2)-induced apoptotic cell death. Interestingly, flow cytometric analysis showed that H(2)O(2)-treated PC12 cells incubated with SG-168 exhibited greatly suppressed apoptosis. In summation, the results of this study suggest that SG-168 has potential as a new antioxidant agent against neuronal diseases.

Cytoprotective propensity of Bacopa monniera against hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative damage in neuronal and lung epithelial cells

“…In an earlier study, Chan et al (2009) reported that the antioxidant and neuroprotective role of astaxanthin and canthaxanthin protected the differentiated PC12 cells from H 2 O 2 -induced cell death, LDH leakage, DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial membrane damage, lipid peroxidation, glutathione depletion and antioxidant enzyme status. Similarly neuro and lung protective property of various novel compounds have been established by many researchers (Gao et al 2010;Lu et al 2010;Shen et al 2011;Liu et al 2011;Yoon et al 2011;Luo et al 2011). In the same way the present results are in support with earlier studies suggesting neuro and lung protective propensity of BME.…”

Transcriptome Analysis of Genes Involved in Dendrobine Biosynthesis in Dendrobium nobile Lindl. Infected with Mycorrhizal Fungus MF23 (Mycena sp.)

“…(Orchidaceae) has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and as an herbal medicine in many Asian countries for hundreds of years with special pharmacological effects on gastritis, diabetes, cancer and ageing 1–4 . It has been officially listed as “Shi Hu” in different versions of the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China.…”

Syringic Acid Extracted fromHerba dendrobiiPrevents Diabetic Cataract Pathogenesis by Inhibiting Aldose Reductase Activity

“…In ancient Chinese medical literature dating back over a thousand years, Dendrobium extracts were reported to improve vision [11]; however, there is still no firm understanding of the chemical components and mechanism of these extracts on vision. Recent research indicates that Dendrobium extracts may also have other bioactive properties, including the induction of apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells [12], the facilitation of neuroprotection against stress-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells [13], the inhibition of lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced memory impairment in rats [14], and the LPS-induced nitric oxide production in macrophages [15]. It has also been suggested that Dendrobium extracts have strong antioxidant properties in vitro [16].…”