Neuropsychiatric involvement in lupus is associated with the Nogo-a/NgR1 pathway

Cognitive Dysfunction in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case for Initiating Trials

“…Among the multiple other cytokines associated with NPSLE, IL‐6 and IL‐8 have the most plausible association with neuronal damage, given their presence in CSF in association with proteins that are indicative of neuronal and astrocytic damage . Other inflammatory mediators, such as TWEAK , CCL2 , myelin‐associated neurite outgrowth inhibitor , matrix metalloproteinase 9 , lipocalin 2 , anti–α‐internexin , and the renin–angiotensin system , are also associated with CD in SLE. TWEAK, a cytokine in the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family, may be implicated in CD, as memory impairment is ameliorated in TWEAK‐deficient MRL/ lpr mice .…”

The Effects of 10-Week Aerobic-cognitive Combined Training on Serum Levels of High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein, Anti-cardiolipin antibodies, and Mental Status of Female Patients With Lupus Erythematosus Systemic: A Preliminary Study

“…Neuropsychiatric disorders are detected in more than half of lupus patients; they could be manifested in various forms, including motor disorders, nerve demyelinating, cognitive disorders, dizziness, mood disorders, depression, anxiety, epilepsy, and psychosis [11,12]. Mild levels of cognitive disorders are more common in lupus patients, whose attention, visual and speech memory, motor function, reaction speed, and motor perception could be damaged; Though clinical symptoms are extensive and independent of disease, and no standard test has yet been established to diagnose Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (NPSLE) [13].…”