New 3-level submodules for a modular multilevel converter based HVDC system with advanced features

Sahoo, Ashish Kumar; Otero-De-Leon, Ruben; Chandrasekaran, Visweshwar; Mohan, Ned

doi:10.1109/iecon.2013.6700166

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Although capacitor voltage balancing is generally considered possible under all operating conditions, this is not always the case for certain SMs. This category includes, most prominently, SMs with neutral-point voltages such as the NPC-SM [31], the T-type SM [65] (both TSM1 and TSM2 [47]) and the ANPC-SM [32]. The main reason for the reduced voltage-balancing capability is the inability to charge or discharge the two capacitors (C 1 and C 2 ) for the same time under the operation of unity power factor.…”

Section: Sms With Voltage Balancing Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review, Classification and Loss Comparison of Modular Multilevel Converter Submodules for HVDC Applications

Tian

Wickramasinghe

et al. 2022

Energies

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The circuit topology of a submodule (SM) in an modular multilevel converter (MMC) defines many of the functionalities of the complete power electronics conversion system and the specific applications that a specific MMC configuration can support. Most prominent among all applications for the MMC is its use in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems and multiterminal dc grids. The aim of the paper is to provide a comprehensive review and classification of the many different SM circuit topologies that have been proposed for the MMC up to date. Using an 800-MVA, point-to-point MMC-based HVDC transmission system as a benchmark, the presented analysis identifies the limitations and drawbacks of certain SM configurations that limit their broader adoption as MMC SMs. A hybrid model of an MMC arm and appropriate implementations of voltage-balancing algorithms are used for detailed loss comparison of all SMs and to quantify differences among multiple SMs. The review also provides a comprehensive benchmark among all SM configurations, broad recommendations for the benefits and limitations of different SM topologies which can be further expanded based on the requirements of a specific application, and identifies future opportunities.

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Section: Sms With Voltage Balancing Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review, Classification and Loss Comparison of Modular Multilevel Converter Submodules for HVDC Applications

Tian

Wickramasinghe

et al. 2022

Energies

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“…PS‐PWM is widely used in conventional MMCs because of easy voltage balancing (due to the even distribution of power across the submodules) and smaller filtering requirements (the dominant harmonic of the output voltage is located at higher frequency) [18]. However, for the A‐MMC, since the submodules have asymmetric voltages of

V_{C}

and

2 V_{C}

, a combination of phase‐shifted and level‐shifted carriers called hybrid carriers is used [15].…”

Section: Modulation and Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The full‐bridge (FB) or double star modules [12] and clamp double (CD) modules [13] have also been discussed for inherent DC fault handling capability, at the expense of additional semiconductor switches. Several multi‐level module configurations have been investigated previously [14, 15] to reduce the overall system footprint. In the literature, asymmetric multilevel inverters are known to achieve higher number of levels in the output voltage with less number of converter modules, hence reducing the overall converter size and cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation, control, and performance analysis of asymmetric modular multilevel converter (A‐MMC)

Srivastav

Sahoo

Iyer

et al. 2018

IET Power Electronics

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Modular multilevel converters (MMC) have proven to be a viable candidate for high-voltage direct current transmission systems. Here, asymmetric modular multilevel converters (A-MMC) are introduced wherein each series connected module has two half-bridge (HB) submodules, with asymmetric voltage rating. Compared to conventional symmetric MMCs, such systems offer the following benefits: (i) generation of four distinct voltage levels using one module; (ii) 33% lesser semiconductor and gate drive requirement; (iii) higher system efficiency; (iv) reduction in overall cost and size. A hybrid pulsewidth modulation technique generates optimised switching pulses of the A-MMC. A novel voltage balancing algorithm is proposed to stabilise each asymmetric HB submodule at the rated voltage. Circulating current control is implemented to suppress the dominant second harmonic in the arm currents of the A-MMC. Detailed simulations in MATLAB/Simulink are performed to validate the operation and control. A quantitative and qualitative comparison with conventional MMCs is also presented in terms of the converter losses, output voltage/current total harmonic distortion, capacitor ripple voltages, circulating currents etc. Nomenclature M i ith module of A-MMC in a leg n number of modules in each arm ASM 1 submodule with capacitor at V C voltage ASM 2 submodule with capacitor at 2V C voltage S 1i state of any ith ASM 1 S 2i state of any ith ASM 2 v C1 capacitor voltage of ASM 1 (v¯C 1 = V C) v C2 capacitor voltage of ASM 2 (v¯C 2 = 2V C) v C1 max maximum capacitor voltage among all ASM 1 v C2 max maximum capacitor voltage among all ASM 2 v C1 ′ normalised voltage of ASM 1 = v C1 /V C v C2 ′ normalised voltage of ASM 2 = v C2 /2V C C 1 , C 2 capacitance of ASM 1 and ASM 2 L p , R p arm inductance and resistance L o , R o output inductance and resistance

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“…4 (right). The 3-level submodule has added advantages over the conventional halfbridge submodule as it results in nearly half the submodule requirements resulting in a more compact structure and also significantly reduced semiconductor losses [19].…”

Section: (B)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This results in a much compact infrastructure. Also the 3-level submodules have considerable lower semiconductor losses [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High frequency link multi-winding power electronic transformer using modular multilevel converter for renewable energy integration

Sahoo

Mohan

2014

IECON 2014 - 40th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society

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Grid integration of multiple renewable energy sources using a power electronic transformer (PET) topology is presented in this paper. A modular multilevel converter (MMC) is proposed as the power converter on the high voltage grid side to generate high frequency sinusoidal voltages. A single multiwinding high frequency transformer (HFT) interfaces different wind generators/photovoltaic arrays using many H-bridge converters and PWM inverters. The leakage inductance of the transformer acts as the smoothening filter for the current through the HFT. With sinusoidal voltages and smooth currents through the transformer, there is significant reduction in transformer losses and also natural commutation of leakage energy is obtained. The operating principle, modulation and control of the proposed PET is validated by simulations in MATLAB/Simulink. Keywords-Modular multilevel converter (MMC), Power electronic transformer (PET), Multi-winding transformer, Carrier based pulse width modulation

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New 3-level submodules for a modular multilevel converter based HVDC system with advanced features

Cited by 17 publications

References 13 publications

Review, Classification and Loss Comparison of Modular Multilevel Converter Submodules for HVDC Applications

Review, Classification and Loss Comparison of Modular Multilevel Converter Submodules for HVDC Applications

Modulation, control, and performance analysis of asymmetric modular multilevel converter (A‐MMC)

High frequency link multi-winding power electronic transformer using modular multilevel converter for renewable energy integration

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