New 3D measurements of large redwood trees for biomass and structure

Disney, Mathias; Burt, Andrew; Wilkes, Phil; Armston, John; Duncanson, Laura

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-73733-6

Cited by 35 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In addition, laser scanning or Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) has recently gained more attention and allows the accurate measurement of entire plant and canopy geometries. This high-resolution technique has been used to determine geometries and movements in several plant species, such as Arabidopsis ( Dornbusch et al, 2014 ), maize ( Zea mays ) ( Su et al, 2018 ), birch ( Betula pendula ) ( Wieser et al, 2016 ), sequoia ( Sequoia sempervirens ) ( Disney et al, 2020 ), and tomato ( Hosoi et al, 2011 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A digital sensor to measure real-time leaf movements and detect abiotic stress in plants

et al. 2021

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Plant and plant organ movements are the result of a complex integration of endogenous growth and developmental responses, partially controlled by the circadian clock, and external environmental cues. Monitoring of plant motion is typically done by image-based phenotyping techniques with the aid of computer vision algorithms. Here we present a method to measure leaf movements using a digital inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor. The lightweight sensor is easily attachable to a leaf or plant organ and records angular traits in real-time for two dimensions (pitch and roll) with high resolution (measured sensor oscillations of 0.36° ± 0.53° for pitch and 0.50° ± 0.65° for roll). We were able to record simple movements such as petiole bending, as well as complex lamina motions, in several crops, ranging from tomato to banana. We also assessed growth responses in terms of lettuce rosette expansion and maize seedling stem movements. The IMU sensors are capable of detecting small changes of nutations (i.e., bending movements) in leaves of different ages and in different plant species. In addition, the sensor system can also monitor stress-induced leaf movements. We observed that unfavorable environmental conditions evoke certain leaf movements, such as drastic epinastic responses, as well as subtle fading of the amplitude of nutations. In summary, the presented digital sensor system enables continuous detection of a variety of leaf motions with high precision, and is a low-cost tool in the field of plant phenotyping, with potential applications in early stress detection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A digital sensor to measure real-time leaf movements and detect abiotic stress in plants

et al. 2021

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“…AGB, AWP, and AWM were all calculated from generalized AGB allometric equations that fail to fully capture among‐site (and within‐site) variation (Ngomanda et al ., 2014). Moreover, large trees are usually undersampled in biomass allometric equations, increasing errors in estimates of their contributions (Burt et al ., 2020; Disney et al ., 2020). A crucial step for future research is to improve the accuracy of allometric equations across tree size classes and forests, or to get beyond the use of allometric equations altogether by developing other direct forest biomass estimation methods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of biomass dynamics in relation to tree size in forests across the world

et al. 2022

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Tree size shapes forest carbon dynamics and determines how trees interact with their environment, including a changing climate. Here, we conduct the first global analysis of amongsite differences in how aboveground biomass stocks and fluxes are distributed with tree size.We analyzed repeat tree censuses from 25 large-scale (4-52 ha) forest plots spanning a broad climatic range over five continents to characterize how aboveground biomass, woody productivity, and woody mortality vary with tree diameter. We examined how the median, dispersion, and skewness of these size-related distributions vary with mean annual temperature and precipitation.In warmer forests, aboveground biomass, woody productivity, and woody mortality were more broadly distributed with respect to tree size. In warmer and wetter forests, aboveground biomass and woody productivity were more right skewed, with a long tail towards large trees. Small trees (1-10 cm diameter) contributed more to productivity and mortality than to biomass, highlighting the importance of including these trees in analyses of forest dynamics.Our findings provide an improved characterization of climate-driven forest differences in the size structure of aboveground biomass and dynamics of that biomass, as well as refined benchmarks for capturing climate influences in vegetation demographic models.

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“…Brodo & D. Hawksw, and Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm, have an antiproliferative effect on MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, as well lung cancer cells, by inducing apoptosis [ 20 ]. Nanoparticles manufactured with lichens such as Xanthoria parietina and Flavopunctelia flaventior showed antibacterial and cytotoxic activity on both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells [ 21 ]. A lichen, Parmelia sulcata Taylor, exhibited promising anticancer activity against breast cancer cells and a genotoxic effect on human lymphocytes [ 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of Apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 Cells Treated with the Methanol Extract of Lichen Physconia hokkaidensis

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Mun

Lim

et al. 2021

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Physconia hokkaidensis methanol extract (PHE) was studied to identify anticancer effects and reveal its mechanism of action by an analysis of cytotoxicity, cell cycles, and apoptosis biomarkers. PHE showed strong cytotoxicity in various cancer cells, including HL-60, HeLa, A549, Hep G2, AGS, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-7. Of these cell lines, the growth of MDA-MB-231 was concentration-dependently suppressed by PHE, but MCF-7 was not affected. MDA-MB-231 cells, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, do not express estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), whereas MCF-7 cells are ER-positive, PR-positive, and HER-2-negative breast cancer cells. The number of cells in sub-G1 phase was increased after 24 h of treatment, and annexin V/PI staining showed that the population size of apoptotic cells was increased by prolonged exposure to PHE. Moreover, PHE treatment downregulated the transcriptional levels of Bcl-2, AMPK, and p-Akt, whereas it significantly upregulated the levels of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved-PARP. In conclusion, it was confirmed that the PHE exhibited selective cytotoxicity toward MDA-MB-231, not toward MCF-7, and its cytotoxic activity is based on induction of apoptosis.

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New 3D measurements of large redwood trees for biomass and structure

Cited by 35 publications

References 48 publications

A digital sensor to measure real-time leaf movements and detect abiotic stress in plants

A digital sensor to measure real-time leaf movements and detect abiotic stress in plants

Distribution of biomass dynamics in relation to tree size in forests across the world

Induction of Apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 Cells Treated with the Methanol Extract of Lichen Physconia hokkaidensis

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