New Approach to Study Iron Sulfide Precipitation Kinetics, Solubility, and Phase Transformation

Liu, Ya; Zhang, Zhang; Bhandari, Narayan; Dai, Zhaoyi; Yan, Fei; Ruan, Gedeng; Lu, Alex Yi-Tsung; Deng, Guannan; Zhang, Fangfu; Alsaiari, Hamad Amer; Kan, Amy T.; Tomson, Mason B.

doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.7b01615

Cited by 36 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Furthermore, Liu et al have observed the formation of troilite, atop mackinawite, with long aging times. 29 By comparison, the exposure of X52 to identical H 2 S-saturated NACE A solution (1 bar), 30 or the exposure of pure Fe to unbuffered H 2 S-saturated brine for a similar period of time only led to the development of mackinawite, 8 in line with another literature reports in similar nonbuffered conditions.…”

Section: ; 26supporting

confidence: 82%

Corrosion and Hydrogen Permeation in H2S Environments with O2 Contamination, Part 3: The Impact of Acetate-Buffered Test Solution Chemistry

et al. 2021

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This paper highlights the importance of considering the magnitude of acetate (ethanoate) species concentration on corrosion and hydrogen permeation rates, important factors associated with cracking initiation in steels for sour service qualification. Materials selection relies on standards, such as NACE TM0177 and NACE TM0284, which stipulate that oxygen pollution should be avoided during testing in H2S-containing media. The 5% NaCl test solutions in current standards are buffered using acetic acid (CH3COOH)/sodium acetate (CH3COONa) to fix the solution pH over long periods. In this third paper, as part of a series of articles that evaluate how oxygen entry modifies the corrosion of (and hydrogen permeation across) low alloy steel membranes in H2S-containing solutions, we investigate the effect that changing the solution chemistry has through testing X65 steel in different concentrations of acetic acid and sodium acetate in H2S-saturated 5% NaCl solutions, i.e. Solutions A and B (NACE TM0177-2016), and the HLP solution of NACE TM 0284-2016. Increasing the total acetic acid + acetate concentration encourages a higher average X65 corrosion rate and longer-sustained hydrogen charging flux, assigned to the cathodic reaction rate enhancement by acetic acid and the iron solubilizing effects of acetates. Introducing 300 ppb of dissolved oxygen does not push the solution pH outside of the permitted error range but increases average X65 corrosion rates and, again, helps sustain hydrogen permeation flux for longer. Through an evaluation of the surface structure and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data, this appears to be down to an increase in the permeability and porosity of the troilite FeStroilite dominant scale. The HLP solution (at pH 3.5), with the highest acetic acid and acetate concentration, is the most aggressive. In this electrolyte, an iron sulfide overlayer structure is attained with an oxygen-rich inner layer between the metal substrate and a thick iron sulfide film.

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Section: ; 26supporting

confidence: 82%

Corrosion and Hydrogen Permeation in H2S Environments with O2 Contamination, Part 3: The Impact of Acetate-Buffered Test Solution Chemistry

et al. 2021

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“…They mainly focused on the solubility and the transformation of precipitated mackinawite. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Related to these studies are the investigations of mackinawite's pronounced capabilities to adsorb heavy and rare earth metalions what is of interest from many points of view. [13][14][15] Organic chemists have studied its reducing power towards organic nitro and chlorinated compounds that may be useful for wastewater treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mackinawite formation from elemental iron and sulfur

et al. 2021

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“…where reaction (Eq. 10) is considered as the formation of FeS via precipitation, while the reaction (11) represented the solid reaction for FeS (Rickard, 1995;Liu et al, 2017).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation and Evolution of the Corrosion Scales on Super 13Cr Stainless Steel in a Formate Completion Fluid With Aggressive Substances

Yue

Huang

et al. 2022

Front. Mater.

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The formation and evolution of the corrosion scales on the super 13Cr stainless steel (SS) surface after exposure in a formate completion fluid with the presence of various aggressive substances was investigated. The results indicate that the formation of Fe3O4 covered the surface of super 13Cr SS as the inner layer accompanied with outer scattered FeS. The corrosion rate was below 0.07 mm/year after 120 h of exposure in the formate fluid at 180°C under N2 environments; the presence of aggressive substances such as sulfide and CO2 in the formate fluid promoted the proceeding of anodic dissolution in the early period, and the ingress of CO2 progressively increased the general corrosion rate to 1.7 mm/year. For CO2-containing conditions, the formation of FeCr2O4 and Cr(OH)3 was detected in the inner corrosion product layers, and the precipitation of “sheet”-shaped iron carbonate (FeCO3) was detected as the outer layer. The accumulation rate of corrosion products increases by two orders of magnitude with the ingress of CO2, corresponding to thicker corrosion products, but the dissolution rate is still three orders of magnitude higher than when CO2 was absent.

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New Approach to Study Iron Sulfide Precipitation Kinetics, Solubility, and Phase Transformation

Cited by 36 publications

References 33 publications

Corrosion and Hydrogen Permeation in H2S Environments with O2 Contamination, Part 3: The Impact of Acetate-Buffered Test Solution Chemistry

Corrosion and Hydrogen Permeation in H2S Environments with O2 Contamination, Part 3: The Impact of Acetate-Buffered Test Solution Chemistry

Mackinawite formation from elemental iron and sulfur

Formation and Evolution of the Corrosion Scales on Super 13Cr Stainless Steel in a Formate Completion Fluid With Aggressive Substances

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