New approaches on laser micro welding of copper by using a laser beam source with a wavelength of 450 nm

Hummel, Marc; Schöler, Christoph; Häusler, André; Gillner, Arnold; Poprawe, Reinhart

doi:10.1016/j.jajp.2020.100012

Cited by 40 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The most widely used is the ytterbium fibre/disc laser, due to its high-power scalability and short wavelength of 1030-1070 nm. Infrared diode lasers (λ ≈ 820 nm) provide higher absorption and can be increased at a shorter wavelength [62]. Emission of 450 nm wavelength (a blue laser) is preferable for highly reflective metals and proven on the industrial scale [63,64] (see Figure 6b).…”

Section: Thermophysical Properties Of Different Metals and Laser Beam Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Laser-Assisted Joining of Aluminium Alloys to Other Metals

Bunaziv

Akselsen

Ren

et al. 2021

Metals

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Modern industry requires different advanced metallic alloys with specific properties since conventional steels cannot cover all requirements. Aluminium alloys are becoming more popular, due to their low weight, high corrosion resistance, and relatively high strength. They possess respectable electrical conductivity, and their application extends to the energy sector. There is a high demand in joining aluminium alloys with other metals, such as steels, copper, and titanium. The joining of two or more metals is challenging, due to formation of the intermetallic compound (IMC) layer with excessive brittleness. High differences in the thermophysical properties cause distortions, cracking, improper dilution, and numerous weld imperfections, having an adverse effect on strength. Laser beam as a high concentration energy source is an alternative welding method for highly conductive metals, with significant improvement in productivity, compared to conventional joining processes. It may provide lower heat input and reduce the thickness of the IMC layer. The laser beam can be combined with arc-forming hybrid processes for wider control over thermal cycle. Apart from the IMC layer thickness, there are many other factors that have a strong effect on the weld integrity; their optimisation and innovation is a key to successfully delivering high-quality joints.

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Section: Thermophysical Properties Of Different Metals and Laser Beam Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Laser-Assisted Joining of Aluminium Alloys to Other Metals

Bunaziv

Akselsen

Ren

et al. 2021

Metals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For analyzing the totally absorbed energy during the laser welding process, the reflected laser power from the material surface has to be measured. The reflected laser power is observed with two integrating spheres (refer to [26,28]). The material sample is placed inside the lower integrating sphere (819C-SF-4, Newport Corporation, Irvine, CA, USA).…”

Section: Experimental Setup For Measuring Of Laser Energy Couplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to take into account the radiation reflected vertically from the lower integrating sphere into the upper integrating sphere during the welding process, the diode voltage of the upper photodiode is also measured with a horizontally positioned mirror. With the measured diode voltages, the absorptivity coefficient η can be calculated [14,15,26,28].…”

Section: Experimental Setup For Measuring Of Laser Energy Couplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Precision Adjustment of Welding Depth during Laser Micro Welding of Copper Using Superpositioned Spatial and Temporal Power Modulation

Hummel

Häusler

Gillner

2021

JMMP

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For joining metallic materials for battery applications such as copper and stainless steel, laser beam micro welding with beam sources in the near-infrared range has become established in recent years. In laser beam micro welding, spatial power modulation describes the superposition of the linear feed motion with an oscillating motion. This modulation method serves to widen the cross-section of the weld seam as well as to increase the process stability. Temporal power modulation refers to the controlled modulation of the laser power over time during the welding process. In this paper, the superposition of both temporal and spatial power modulation methods is presented, which enables a variable control of the weld penetration depth. Three weld geometries transverse to the feed direction are part of this investigation: the compensation of the weld penetration depth due to the asymmetric path movement during spatial power modulation only, a W-shaped weld profile, and a V-shaped. The weld geometries are investigated by the bed on plate weld tests with CuSn6. Furthermore, the use of combined power modulation for welding tests in butt joint configuration between CuSn6 and stainless steel 1.4301 with different material properties is investigated. The study shows the possibility of precise control of the welding depth by this methodology. Depending on the material combination, the desired regions with maximum and minimum welding depth can be achieved by the control of local and temporal power modulation on the material surface.

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“…The BDL technology at JWRI has been successfully used for cladding pure copper on a stainless steel (SS304) substrate [13,14]. Hummel et al [15] conducted a feasibility study by conducting micro-welding of copper using a diode laser with a wavelength of 450 nm (no other detail was provided, but presumably a BDL) and 150 W of power. The thickness of the copper samples ranged from 150 µm to 1 mm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blue Diode Laser Welding of Commercially Pure Titanium Foils

Pasang

Lin

Misiołek

et al. 2022

QuBS

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The need for thin foil welding is increasing significantly, particularly in the electronic industries. The technologies that are currently available limit the joining processes in terms of materials and their geometries. In this paper, a series of trials of fusion welding (bead-on- plate) of commercially pure titanium (CPTi) foils were conducted using a blue diode laser (BDL) welding method. The power used was 50 W and 100 W for 0.1 mm and 0.2 mm thick foils, respectively. Following welding, various samples were prepared to examine the weld profiles, microstructures, hardness, tensile strength, and fracture surface characteristics. The results showed that the base metal (BM) had an annealed microstructure with equiaxed grains, while the weld zones contained martensite (α’) with large grains. The hardness increased in both regions, from around 123 HV to around 250 HV, in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and fusion zone (FZ) areas. The tensile tests revealed that the strengths of the welded samples were slightly lower than the unwelded samples, i.e., UTS = 300–350 MPa compared with 325–390 MPa for the unwelded samples. Fracture took place within the BM area. All of the samples, welded and unwelded, showed identical fracture mechanisms, i.e., microvoid coalescence or ductile fracture. The weld zone experienced very small strains (elongation) at fracture, which indicates a good weld quality.

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New approaches on laser micro welding of copper by using a laser beam source with a wavelength of 450 nm

Cited by 40 publications

References 2 publications

A Review on Laser-Assisted Joining of Aluminium Alloys to Other Metals

A Review on Laser-Assisted Joining of Aluminium Alloys to Other Metals

High-Precision Adjustment of Welding Depth during Laser Micro Welding of Copper Using Superpositioned Spatial and Temporal Power Modulation

Blue Diode Laser Welding of Commercially Pure Titanium Foils

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