New developments in the management of VIN

McFadden, Kim Margrethe; Cruickshank, Margaret

doi:10.1016/j.rigp.2005.04.002

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…56 The agents that were developed there were nicotine, botulinum toxin, scorpion venom and poison gases such as hydrogen cyanide, chlorine, cyanogen chloride, phosphene and phosgene. 57 Live tests were carried out on animals such as rabbits and dogs. The camp was most famously known for the development of a crude hydrogen cyanide dispersal device known as the al-mubtakkar al-farid (The New Invention).…”

Section: Typologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The camp was most famously known for the development of a crude hydrogen cyanide dispersal device known as the al-mubtakkar al-farid (The New Invention). 58 It is suspected that other WMD camps were of a similar nature: small, decentralized and providing training to a select number of recruits. Apart from its research and development efforts, AQ had also acquired unspecified chemical agents from the black market and had dabbled in attempts at producing mustard gas, sarin and VX nerve agent.…”

Section: Typologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Jihadists’ Use and Pursuit of Weapons of Mass Destruction: A Comparative Study of Al-Qaeda and Islamic State’s Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Weapons Programs

Dass

2021

Studies in Conflict & Terrorism

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This article compares and contrasts the Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) weapons programs of Al-Qaeda and Islamic State through the framework of organizational structure, typology, ideology and CBRN incidents (selected case studies). A three-step CBRN model explaining the use of CBRN weapons by both groups is proposed. This model suggests that the use of CBRN weapons is predicated on three factors: leadership at the strategic level; acquisition of material at the operational level and technical capabilities at the tactical level. It is found that the failure of both groups in developing and carrying out large-scale CBRN attacks boils down primarily to the lack of technical capabilities and the difficulties associated with acquisition of materials. It is argued that the future CBRN threat landscape will likely be dominated by the threat of small-scale, localized attacks using crude chemical or biological agents by lone actors or autonomous cells as opposed to larger-scale centrally directed attacks.

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Section: Typologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Typologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Jihadists’ Use and Pursuit of Weapons of Mass Destruction: A Comparative Study of Al-Qaeda and Islamic State’s Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Weapons Programs

Dass

2021

Studies in Conflict & Terrorism

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“…The usual indications susceptible to the photodynamic approach are thus those of the skin, except for pigmented melanoma [10], oral [11], ENT [12], gastrointestinal tract [13], lung [14], genitourinary tract and prostate [15][16][17]. Brain tumours are also accessible [18].…”

Section: Indications For Photodynamic Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodynamic Therapy: The Development of New Photosensitisers

Wainwright¹

2008

ACAMC

114

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The first 20 years of anticancer photodynamic therapy (PDT) were based on the utility of the oligomeric mixture haematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) in various forms. More recently new derivatives have become available, both porphyrin-derived and employing new chromophores, for example from the phthalocyanine and phenothiazinium families. In addition, a major research effort has been rewarded with the clinical acceptance of the porphyrin precursor 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA). New photosensitisers intended for clinical use must exhibit advantageous drug performance profiles compared to the first-generation porphyrin derivatives. This can be seen, in vitro, in improved photophysical properties such as the extension of the useful light absorption spectrum into the near infrared - offering greater tissue penetration - as well as in the synthesis of pure compounds rather than mixtures. In this review, recent developments in photosensitiser families are discussed with respect to in vitro performance indicators and to potential application in oncology.

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