New germ tube induction medium for the identification of Candida albicans

Berardinelli, Steven J.; Opheim, Dennis J.

doi:10.1128/jcm.22.5.861-862.1985

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This classical method includes the incubation of a suspension of blastospores in human serum at 37°C for 2-3 h. 3 In several studies, the GTT in this format showed high sensitivities between 91% and 100%, and specificities of 95-100%. [5][6][7][8][9][10] However, the use of human serum for this test has several disadvantages: (i) the serum has to be fresh or deepfrozen; 3,4 (ii) the yeast inoculum has to contain <10 7 cells ml )1 , otherwise the germ tube production is inhibited; 4 (iii) the handling of pooled human sera includes the possible risk of infection with HIV or hepatitis virus; (iv) differences in performance between different batches of serum are likely. To avoid the necessity for extra safety precautions, other liquid media have been tested to replace human serum, like serum from different animals, tryptic soy broth (TSB) or peptone water.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 The classical germ tube test (GTT) includes the incubation of a defined suspension of blastospores in human serum at 37°C for 2-3 h. 3,4 It showed a sensitivity between 91% and 100%, and a specificity of 95-100%. [5][6][7][8][9] As human serum needs to be fresh or frozen and the handling of pooled serum specimens causes safety problems, nonhuman serum and other liquid media were evaluated. However, these media often showed lower sensitivities ranging from 35% to 95%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Mueller‐Hinton‐agar as a simple medium for the germ tube production of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis

Rimek

Fehse

Göpel

2007

Mycoses

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Candida albicans is the most frequently isolated yeast species from clinical specimens. A classical rapid presumptive differentiation from non-albicans species is based on its ability to produce germ tubes after incubation in human serum. The only non-albicans Candida species producing germ tubes is Candida dubliniensis. In this study, we evaluated Mueller-Hinton-agar (MH-agar) as a medium for germ tube formation of C. albicans and C. dubliniensis. A total of 859 yeast isolates from stool samples, including 632 strains of C. albicans, 10 C. dubliniensis and 217 other yeast strains from 20 different species, were grown on Sabouraud glucose (2%) agar at 37 degrees C for 24-72 h. Species were identified by standard methods. For the germ tube test (GTT), an inoculum from a single colony was streaked onto a MH-agar plate and covered by a sterile coverslip. After incubation at 37 degrees C for 2 h, the MH plates were examined using a light microscope at x200. The GTT was positive in 578 of 632 C. albicans strains (sensitivity 91.5%), in six of 10 C. dubliniensis strains (sensitivity 60.0%), and in none of the other yeast strains. MH-agar is a suitable medium for the GTT and the presumptive identification of C. albicans. It is safer to use than human serum and is widely available in microbiology laboratories.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Mueller‐Hinton‐agar as a simple medium for the germ tube production of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis

Rimek

Fehse

Göpel

2007

Mycoses

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“…The preliminary identification was based on growth characteristics, colony morphology and cellular appearance. The ATB ID 32C assimilation test kit (BioMérieux, Marcy/Etoile, France) and the germ tube test (2) were used for further characterization.…”

Section: Phenotypingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypes and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA profiles of Candida albicans isolates from root canal infections in a Finnish population

Waltimo

Dassanayake

Ørstavik

et al. 2001

Oral Microbiology and Immunology

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A total of thirty-seven Candida albicans isolates from root canal infections in a Finnish population were subtyped using phenotypic and genotypic methods. A previously described biotyping method based on the presence of five different enzymes, assimilation of eleven different carbohydrates and boric acid sensitivity of the yeasts was used to determine the phenotype. Commercially available API ZYM and API 20 C test kits were used to determine the presence of enzymes and assimilation of carbohydrates. The sensitivity of the isolates to boric acid was tested by their ability to grow on yeast-nitrogen-agar with incorporated boric acid (1.8 mg. ml(-1)). Combination of the tests revealed a total of 14 different phenotypes. The majority of the isolates, 26 strains, were classifiable into three major phenotypes: 16 isolates (43.2%) belonged to phenotype A1R, six (16.2%) to A1S and four (10.8%) to B1S. The remaining 11 phenotypes represented only a single isolate each. The randomly amplified polymorphic DNA profiles were used to determine the genotypes. For this purpose two different primers, RSD6 and RSD12 were used to develop a combination randomly amplified polymorphic DNA profile for each isolate. Altogether 31 genotypes were noted among the 37 isolates, of which only three pairs of isolates presented with congruent phenotypic and genotypic profiles. The heterogeneity of both the phenotypic and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA profiles of C. albicans isolates from root canal infections is akin to previous reports from other oral and non-oral sources in different geographic locales.

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“…The preparation of the ATB ID 32 C strips, the yeast suspension, and inoculation of the strips were carried out as recommended by the manufacturer. The strips were incubated at 30°C and the reactions were recorded after 24, 48 and 72 h. The germ tube formation test (Berardinelli & Opheim 1985) was used in the identification of C. albicans by incubating the cells at 37°C for 2 h in horse serum (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA); C. inconspicua was identified by the ATB ID 32 C test kit and by a growth test at 42°C for 12 h.…”

Section: Identification Of Yeasts and Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungi in therapy-resistant apical periodontitis

Waltimo¹,

Sirén²,

Torkko³

et al. 1997

Int Endod J

179

130

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The occurrence of yeasts in 967 microbiological endodontic samples taken from root canals in persistent endodontic infections was studied. The sampling was done by general practitioners in various parts of Finland from root canal infections which did not respond favourably to standard conservative therapy. The samples were cultivated aerobically on a non-selective enriched horse blood agar medium, on TSBV agar medium in 5% CO 2 and anaerobically on horse blood agar medium. Micro-organisms were found in 692 of the samples while 275 showed no growth. Forty-eight fungi were isolated from 47 samples which is 7% of the culturepositive samples. Twenty yeast strains were identified further by their colony morphology, growth and cellular characteristics and patterns of carbohydrate assimilation. All isolates except one belonged to the genus Candida. Candida albicans was the most common species. C. glabrata was found together with C. albicans in one sample. C. guilliermondii, C. inconspicua and Geotrichum candidum were each isolated once. Yeasts were found in pure culture in six samples and together with bacteria in 41 samples. In all the samples except two, the accompanying facultative bacteria were Gram positive. The most frequent of them were ␣and nonhaemolytic Streptococcus species which were found in 31 samples. Anaerobic bacteria were isolated together with yeasts from 12 root canals. They included both Gram positive species such as Peptostreptococcus micros and Gram negative species such as Fusobacterium nucleatum. The regular isolation of yeasts, also in pure culture, indicates that yeasts may have an important role in cases of apical periodontitis persisting after conventional treatment.

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New germ tube induction medium for the identification of Candida albicans

Cited by 24 publications

References 9 publications

Evaluation of Mueller‐Hinton‐agar as a simple medium for the germ tube production of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis

Evaluation of Mueller‐Hinton‐agar as a simple medium for the germ tube production of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis

Phenotypes and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA profiles of Candida albicans isolates from root canal infections in a Finnish population

Fungi in therapy-resistant apical periodontitis

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