“…It also inhibits other dermatophytes such as Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton rubrum, Epidermophyton floccosum, and Microsporum gypseum (91). In addition, resveratrol analogs are being analyzed for antifungal activity with favorable results, probably related to their imine group (54).…”
Synthetic food additives generate a negative perception in consumers. This fact generates an important pressure on food manufacturers, searching for safer natural alternatives. Phytochemicals (such as polyphenols and thiols) and plant essential oils (terpenoids) possess antimicrobial activities that are able to prevent food spoilage due to fungi (e.g., Aspergillus, Penicillium) and intoxications (due to mycotoxins), both of which are important economic and health problems worldwide. This review summarizes industrially interesting antifungal bioactivities from the three main types of plant nutraceuticals: terpenoids (as thymol), polyphenols (as resveratrol) and thiols (as allicin) as well as some of the mechanisms of action. These phytochemicals are widely distributed in fruits and vegetables and are very useful in food preservation as they inhibit growth of important spoilage and pathogenic fungi, affecting especially mycelial growth and germination. Terpenoids and essential oils are the most abundant group of secondary metabolites found in plant extracts, especially in common aromatic plants, but polyphenols are a more remarkable group of bioactive compounds as they show a broad array of bioactivities.
HIGHLIGHTS
“…It also inhibits other dermatophytes such as Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton rubrum, Epidermophyton floccosum, and Microsporum gypseum (91). In addition, resveratrol analogs are being analyzed for antifungal activity with favorable results, probably related to their imine group (54).…”
Synthetic food additives generate a negative perception in consumers. This fact generates an important pressure on food manufacturers, searching for safer natural alternatives. Phytochemicals (such as polyphenols and thiols) and plant essential oils (terpenoids) possess antimicrobial activities that are able to prevent food spoilage due to fungi (e.g., Aspergillus, Penicillium) and intoxications (due to mycotoxins), both of which are important economic and health problems worldwide. This review summarizes industrially interesting antifungal bioactivities from the three main types of plant nutraceuticals: terpenoids (as thymol), polyphenols (as resveratrol) and thiols (as allicin) as well as some of the mechanisms of action. These phytochemicals are widely distributed in fruits and vegetables and are very useful in food preservation as they inhibit growth of important spoilage and pathogenic fungi, affecting especially mycelial growth and germination. Terpenoids and essential oils are the most abundant group of secondary metabolites found in plant extracts, especially in common aromatic plants, but polyphenols are a more remarkable group of bioactive compounds as they show a broad array of bioactivities.
HIGHLIGHTS
“…It is considered that toxicity in Artemia expressed by LD 50 < 250 μg/ml indicates the presence of biological activity. 21 Furthermore, values of LD 50 > 20 μg/ml are considered safe for humans. 22 Toxicity of ResNPs on Artemia salina suggests considerable biological activity, while still in range of safe in terms of toxicity.Figure 4.The bioactivity of ResNPs on Artemia salina .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Artemia salina bioassay is a widely used assay. 21,22 However, only recently it has been used for the determination of the biological effects of nanomaterials. 23 The biological activity of ResNPs was evaluated by a slightly modified procedure described by Rajabi et al 23 Artemia salina eggs were incubated overnight in 3,5% pre-filtered saline water at 30°C, under constant illumination and intensive aeration, as a slight modification of the procedure described by Rajabi et al 23 2 h upon start of hatching, nauplii (larval Instar I phase) were separated from unhatched eggs and eggshells, allowing same age of nauplii.…”
Section: Artemia Salina Bioassay For Determination Of the Bioactivitymentioning
Recently, many studies have shown various beneficial effects of polyphenol resveratrol (Res) on human health. The most important of these effects include cardioprotective, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, osteoinductive, and anti-microbial effects. Resveratrol has cis and trans isoforms, with the trans isoform being more stable and biologically active. Despite the results of in vitro experiments, resveratrol has limited potential for application in vivo due to its poor water solubility, sensitivity to oxygen, light, and heat, rapid metabolism, and therefore low bioavailability. The possible solution to overcome these limitations could be the synthesis of resveratrol in nanoparticle form. Accordingly, in this study, we have developed a simple, green solvent/non-solvent physicochemical method to synthesize stable, uniform, carrier-free resveratrol nanobelt-like particles (ResNPs) for applications in tissue engineering. UV–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) was used to identify the trans isoform of ResNPs which remained stable for at least 63 days. The additional qualitative analysis was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), while X-ray diffraction (XRD) determined the monoclinic structure of resveratrol with a significant difference in the intensity of diffraction peaks between commercial and nano-belt form. The morphology of ResNPs was evaluated by optical microscopy and field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) that revealed a uniform nanobelt-like structure with an individual thickness of less than 1 μm. Bioactivity was confirmed using Artemia salina in vivo toxicity assay, while 2,2–diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazylhydrate (DPPH) reduction assay showed the good antioxidative potential of concentrations of 100 μg/ml and lower. Microdilution assay on several reference strains and clinical isolates showed promising antibacterial potential on Staphylococci, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) being 800 μg/ml. Bioactive glass-based scaffolds were coated with ResNPs and characterized to confirm coating potential. All of the above make these particles a promising bioactive, easy-to-handle component in various biomaterial formulations.
“…However, its antifungal mechanism of action is still unclear. RSV has been reported to have antifungal activity against C. albicans (Jung et al 2005), but there are also reports that RSV has no significant activity against C. albicans (Collado- González et al 2012;Houillé et al 2014;Martins et al 2019;Miyashiro et al 2020). Therefore, its antifungal capability is still controversial.…”
Candida albicans is one of the most common clinical pathogenic microorganisms and it is becoming a serious health threat, particularly to immunocompromised populations. Drug resistance of Candida species has also frequently emerged, and combination therapy for fungal infections has attracted considerable attention. In this study, we established the Qinling Mountains myxobacterial secondary metabolites library and a synergic assay in combination with ketoconazole against C. albicans was introduced for metabolites screening. Two active compounds with synergic anticandidal activities were obtained, which were identified as trans‐resveratrol and cis‐resveratrol. According to our study, resveratrol can reduce the dosage to 1/64 of ketoconazole as well as itraconazole. Furthermore, synergistic anticandidal activity of resveratrol combined with azoles was verified against a panel of clinical C. albicans isolates, and the combination strategy enhanced the azoles susceptibility of three fluconazole‐resistant isolates. These findings suggest that resveratrol enhances the efficacy of azoles and provides a promising application in therapy of C. albicans infection.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
