New Insights into the Nature of Transition Disks from a Complete Disk Survey of the Lupus Star-forming Region

Marel, Nienke van der; Williams, Jonathan P.; Ansdell, Megan; Manara, C. F.; Miotello, A.; Tazzari, Marco; Testi, L.; Hogerheijde, M. R.; Bruderer, S.; Terwisga, Sierk van; Dishoeck, E. F. van

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaaa6b

Cited by 93 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…For f grow = 1 all of the models produce depletions < 0.02 dex because most of the dust has accreted onto the star by the time the planet opens up a gap and the convective zone is 100% of the star. However, the amount of dust remaining in the discs (approx 30 M ⊕ ) is also lower than inferred dust mass in most large-holed transition discs (Andrews et al 2012;van der Marel et al 2018). This result should not be surprising given the fast evolution of dust in these models compared with observations.…”

Section: Depletion Due To Giant Planet Formationmentioning

confidence: 69%

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Fingerprints of giant planets in the composition of solar twins

Booth

Owen

2020

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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The Sun shows a ∼ 10 % depletion in refractory elements relative to nearby solar twins. It has been suggested that this depletion is a signpost of planet formation. The exoplanet statistics are now good enough to show that the origin of this depletion does not arise from the sequestration of refractory material inside the planets themselves. This conclusion arises because most sun-like stars host close-in planetary systems that are on average more massive than the Sun's. Using evolutionary models for the protoplanetary discs that surrounded the young Sun and solar twins we demonstrate that the origin of the depletion likely arises due to the trapping of dust exterior to the orbit of a forming giant planet. In this scenario a forming giant planet opens a gap in the gas disc, creating a pressure trap. If the planet forms early enough, while the disc is still massive, the planet can trap 100 M ⊕ of dust exterior to its orbit, preventing the dust from accreting onto the star in contrast to the gas. Forming giant planets can create refractory depletions of ∼ 5 − 15%, with the larger values occurring for initial conditions that favour giant planet formation (e.g. more massive discs, that live longer). The incidence of solar-twins that show refractory depletion matches both the occurrence of giant planets discovered in exoplanet surveys and "transition" discs that show similar depletion patterns in the material that is accreting onto the star.

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Section: Depletion Due To Giant Planet Formationmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Observations of protoplanetary discs show that ∼ 10−20 per cent have large gaps or cavities (e.g. Kenyon & Hartmann 1995;Koepferl et al 2013;van der Marel et al 2018). These discs are known as "transition discs".…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fingerprints of giant planets in the composition of solar twins

Booth

Owen

2020

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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“…Perhaps in these systems a planet was only recently formed, and the inner dust disk has not started to deplete as material continues to flow through the gap. This would lead to a natural evolutionary connection between ring disks and transition disks such as previously suggested (van der Marel et al 2018).…”

Section: Consequences For the Presence Of Companionsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The Lupus disk survey was complete (Ansdell et al 2016b but at a resolution of 0.25-0.3", and even though 11 transition disks were identified (van der Marel et al 2018), only 2 were followed up in high enough resolution to resolve the inner disk. However, these disk surveys do indicate that transition disks with large cavities are generally bright (Owen & Clarke 2012;van der Marel et al 2018), so even if our sample is incomplete, the disks selected here likely cover the majority of the transition disks with large cavities within the Solar Neighborhood.…”

Section: Sample Selectionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…However, for many disks identified in those surveys the resolution was insufficient to fully resolve the cavity and they were thus not included. This applies in particular to the new transition disks in Lupus (van der Marel et al 2018) and Chamaeleon (Pascucci et al 2016). The sample is thus not a complete sample of all transition disks with large cavities within 200 pc, but representative across a wide range of disk and stellar properties.…”

Section: Sample Selectionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Dust-depleted Inner Disks in a Large Sample of Transition Disks through Long-baseline ALMA Observations

Francis

Marel

2020

ApJ

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170

146

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Transition disks with large inner dust cavities are thought to host massive companions. However, the disk structure inside the companion orbit and how material flows toward an actively accreting star remain unclear. We present a high resolution continuum study of inner disks in the cavities of 38 transition disks. Measurements of the dust mass from archival Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array observations are combined with stellar properties and spectral energy distributions to assemble a detailed picture of the inner disk. An inner dust disk is detected in 18 of 38 disks in our sample. Of the 14 resolved disks, 8 are significantly misaligned with the outer disk. The near-infrared excess is uncorrelated with the mm dust mass of the inner disk. The size-luminosity correlation known for protoplanetary disks is recovered for the inner disks as well, consistent with radial drift. The inner disks are depleted in dust relative to the outer disk and their dust mass is uncorrelated with the accretion rates. This is interpreted as the result of radial drift and trapping by planets in a low α (∼ 10 −3 ) disk, or a failure of the α-disk model to describe angular momentum transport and accretion. The only disk in our sample with confirmed planets in the gap, PDS 70, has an inner disk with a significantly larger radius and lower inferred gas-to-dust ratio than other disks in the sample. We hypothesize that these inner disk properties and the detection of planets are due to the gap having only been opened recently by young, actively accreting planets.

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Accretion and outflows in young stars with CUBES

et al. 2022

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The science case on studies of accretion and outflows in low-mass (<1.5$$M_{\odot }$$ M ⊙ ) young stellar objects (YSOs) with the new CUBES instrument is presented. We show the need for a high-sensitivity, near-ultraviolet (NUV) spectrograph like CUBES, with a resolving power at least four times that of X-Shooter and combined with UVES via a fibrelink for simultaneous observations. Simulations with the CUBES exposure time calculator and the end-to-end software show that a significant gain in signal-to-noise can be achieved compared to current instruments, for both the spectral continuum and emission lines, including for relatively embedded YSOs. Our simulations also show that the low-resolution mode of CUBES will be able to observe much fainter YSOs (V $$\sim$$ ∼ 22 mag) in the NUV than we can today, allowing us extend studies to YSOs with background-limited magnitudes. The performance of CUBES in terms of sensitivity in the NUV will provide important new insights into the evolution of circumstellar disks, by studying the accretion, jets/winds and photo-evaporation processes, down to the low-mass brown dwarf regime. CUBES will also open-up new science as it will be able to observe targets that are several magnitudes fainter than those reachable with current instruments, facilitating studies of YSOs at distances of $$\sim$$ ∼ kpc scale. This means a step-change in the field of low-mass star formation, as it will be possible to expand the science case from relatively local star-forming regions to a large swathe of distances within the Milky Way.

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New Insights into the Nature of Transition Disks from a Complete Disk Survey of the Lupus Star-forming Region

Cited by 93 publications

References 127 publications

Fingerprints of giant planets in the composition of solar twins

Fingerprints of giant planets in the composition of solar twins

Dust-depleted Inner Disks in a Large Sample of Transition Disks through Long-baseline ALMA Observations

Accretion and outflows in young stars with CUBES

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