New patterns of HCV subtypes distribution in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan

Gul, Amina; Ahmed, Jawad; Zahir, Fazli; Khan, Imtiaz Ali; Ali, Ijaz

doi:10.1016/j.bjid.2015.09.007

Cited by 10 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In the current study, the most common risk factors associated with HCV infection was injection use, intravenous infusion, and skin piercing. These findings are in concordance with other studies reported from Pakistan and demonstrate the importance of proper public awareness programs to reduce the prevalence of HCV infection in Pakistan (25)(26)(27). In a recent study carried out in Faisalabad, Pakistan, the most prominent risk factor was injecting drug use observed in 51% of HCV patients (27).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Novel Polymorphism in the Promoter Region of HLA-DQB1 Is a Predictor of Anti-HCV Therapy Response

Arshad

Jalil

Raza

et al. 2019

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver infection, which may lead to liver cirrhosis, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma while about one-fourth of the infected patients recover spontaneously. The host immune response remains decisive in the outcomes of antiviral treatment. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the genes within the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) cluster are associated with differential immune response and treatment outcomes. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the association of SNPs in Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and HLA genes (HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1) with the outcomes of HCV infection and anti-HCV therapy. Methods: The study included 245 HCV-infected patients visiting a tertiary care hospital, located in Islamabad, Pakistan. Viral quantification and genotyping were performed by real-time PCR. Twenty SNPs in TNF-α, HLA-DRB1, and HLA-DQB1 were sequence-genotyped by the Sanger method in 180 patients. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to establish the association of SNPs with spontaneous clearance of the virus and response to anti-HCV therapy. Results: Five out of 20 SNPs were novel. Allelic variants at three different locations (HLA-DRB1, rs2308802; HLA-DQB1,-8447, and HLA-DQB1,-8471) showed significant associations with two groups of HCV patients receiving anti-HCV treatment (responsive and nonresponsive). Multivariate analyses disclosed that genotype A/A at HLA-DQB1 (-8471) was a significant predictor of positive response to treatment although in the presence of the variant at HLA-DRB1 (rs230880) (P = 0.004). However, no association was detected between the haplotypes constructed for the three sets of SNPs and different categories of patients. Conclusions: This study established a novel SNP HLA-DQB1(-8471) as an important predictor of an effective response to anti-HCV therapy in HCV-infected Pakistani patients. Prescreening of this variant before therapy would benefit HCV patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Novel Polymorphism in the Promoter Region of HLA-DQB1 Is a Predictor of Anti-HCV Therapy Response

Arshad

Jalil

Raza

et al. 2019

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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“…Whereas, acute hepatitis may result in liver failure in a small percentage of the people that might lead to death (Chang, 2007;Rantala and van-de-Laar, 2008). Of significance, the classification of age groups plays a key role in the study of geographical and demographic differences, molecular epidemiology, chronic infection studies, designing therapeutic strategies, and vaccine development (Gul et al, 2016;Kumar et al, 2017). Although, effective vaccines against HBV are available from 1982 (Cassidy et al, 2011).…”

Section: Identification Of Hbv In Bloodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pakistan is a developing country, having viral hepatitis as a major public health issue (Hasnain, 1994;Schweitzer et al, 2015). There is a need among the large populations of the developing world to study the relationship of HBV by age, gender, route of entry, and the duration of infection (Gul et al, 2016;Kumar et al, 2017). Although documentation of 3/10 Serological prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Mardan samples and stored at -20°C until analysis.…”

Section: Identification Of Hbv In Bloodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Mardan district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

et al. 2022

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Hepatitis B virus infection is perilous among the five types of Hepatitis, as it remains clinically asymptomatic. The present study draws up-to-date prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the general population of Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. The blood samples from 4803 individuals including 2399 male and 2404 females were investigated. All the suspected samples were analyzed for hepatitis B surface antigen using Immuno-chromatographic test (ICT), Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and followed by Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results showed that 312 (13.00%) out of 2399 individuals contained antibodies in their blood against HBV, while among the different age groups, the highest incidences of HBV antibodies were found in the age of 21-30 groups (10.73%). Furthermore, the ICT positive samples were screened by nested polymerase chain reaction to detect the existence of active HBV-DNA. It was observed that 169 (7.04%) out of (2399) male of the total population (4803) tested was positive. On the other hand, the female 463 (19.25%) possessed antibodies in their blood against HBV. Accumulatively, our results showed a higher percentage of HBV prevalence in males than females in the age group 21-30 years. The total HCV infected in Mardan general population was recorded at 5.7% comprising both male and female.

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“…Many reports published in recent 4 years from within the country and abroad clearly indicates towards an upward trend of untype-able genotypes in HCV seropositive. Samples [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] . According to a recent review article published by Abdul-waheed et al, concluding results of 4534 HCV patient samples during the years 2008-2016 showed that 11.51% samples were untype-able stressing upon the fact that this issue should be resolved on priority basis 19 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hepatitis C Untype-Able Genotypes, an Emergence of Quasi-Species in HCV Infected Patients

Fahim

Mirza

Khalid

et al. 2021

PAFMJ

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Objective: To determine the frequency of Type-able and untype-able genotypes in hepatitis C infected patients,and to observe their association with gender, age, Alanine Aminotranferease and viral load. Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Combined Military Hospital, and Lahore, Pakistanfrom Sep 2017 to Mar 2018. Methodology: Six hundred forty seven anti HCV antibodies positive serum samples by Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbant Assay were received from a total of 6791 serum samples. The positive sera were subjected to qualitative PCR and quantitative real time (RT) PCR to determine pre-treatment viral load. Quantitative PCR positive sera with viral load >500IU/ml were further subjected to molecular genotyping by using Ohno et al method. Result: Out of 647 positive serum samples, type-specific PCR fragments were seen in 424 sera, while 13 (3.1%) of serum samples were of untype-able genotype. In all age groups genotype 3a had emerged as a predominantgenotype 397 (93.6%), followed by 1b 8 (1.9%), 3b 4 (0.9%), 1a 2 (0.5%), while no sample detected to have 2a, 2b,5a, 6a and mixed genotypes. The highest prevalence of untype-ables were seen in 61-70 age group. Conclusion: Need of the hour is proper sequencing of untype-able genotypes via upgrading existing methodologies. It will not only help the clinicians in achieving sustained virological response but also help in identifying new genotypes/subtypes.

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New patterns of HCV subtypes distribution in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

Novel Polymorphism in the Promoter Region of HLA-DQB1 Is a Predictor of Anti-HCV Therapy Response

Novel Polymorphism in the Promoter Region of HLA-DQB1 Is a Predictor of Anti-HCV Therapy Response

Serological prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Mardan district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

The Hepatitis C Untype-Able Genotypes, an Emergence of Quasi-Species in HCV Infected Patients

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