New perspectives on impact damaging of thermoset- and thermoplastic-matrix composites from thermographic images

Meola, Carosena; Boccardi, Simone; Boffa, Natalino Daniele; Ricci, Fabrizio; Simeoli, Giorgio; Russo, Pietro; Carlomagno, Giovanni Maria

doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.05.083

Cited by 33 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Impact tests are carried out with a modified Charpy pendulum [20], which is equipped with a special fixture to lodge specimens and allow for the contact with the hammer from one side and optical view (by the infrared camera) from the other one. In particular, a small sample of the same material is positioned over one corner of the viewed window and is used as reference to correct the camera noise.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared Thermography for Inline Monitoring of Glass/Epoxy under Impact and Quasi-Static Bending

2018

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Featured Application: The scope of this work is to show the potential of infrared thermography to collect important information to be exploited for the characterization of new composite materials. An infrared imaging device can be included in most mechanical test setups for the in-line monitoring of samples undergoing either impact or quasi-static bending, or else fatigue tests. As an important assertion, the use of infrared thermography allows for fast inspection of relatively large surfaces in a remote way without any alteration of the inspected part and without safety-at-work concerns.Abstract: In this work, glass/epoxy has been chosen as case study as it represents the most-used composite material, being appropriate for a vast variety of applications and a reasonable performance/cost compromise. This material has already been inline impact-monitored with infrared thermography, mostly for feasibility tests. Now, impact tests are repeated by changing some parameters and by inline monitoring simultaneously with two different infrared cameras to share a high frame rate and spatial resolution at the same time. In addition, glass/epoxy is monitored also while it is under quasi-static bending tests. The aim of this paper is to show what it is possible to learn from thermal signatures developing in the same material when it is either impacted or under quasi-static bending.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared Thermography for Inline Monitoring of Glass/Epoxy under Impact and Quasi-Static Bending

2018

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“…Non‐destructive evaluation is performed with lock‐in thermography. The test setup includes the specimen, the infrared camera, and two halogen lamps (1 kW each) for thermal stimulation of the specimen . In this case, the SC6000 camera (Flir systems) is used; for the purpose, the system is equipped with a Lock‐in module that drives the halogen lamp to generate a harmonic thermal wave of selectable frequency f and the IRLock‐In© software.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thermal signature, visualized during the impact event, resulted useful to get more information about the impact damaging of CFRP and as a reference to precisely define the boundary between damaged and sound zones with both C‐scan and lock‐in thermography images . Specifically, it has been found that from the cooling down phase (thermo‐elastic effects), experienced by the material while bending under the impactor pushing force, it is possible to get information to establish the peak contact force, as well the duration of the contact with the impactor . In addition, from the warming up (thermoplastic phase), it is possible to get information useful to evaluate the impact damage and the overall impact affected area .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, from the warming up (thermoplastic phase), it is possible to get information useful to evaluate the impact damage and the overall impact affected area . However, till now the attention has been mainly devoted toward relatively thin laminates with little consideration to the thicker ones . Indeed, it seems that, through the analysis of thermal images acquired at high frame rate during impact tests, it may be possible to get information about the initiation of the impact damage in either a thin or a thicker laminate .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infrared thermography to locate impact damage in thin and thicker carbon/epoxy panels

Boccardi

Carlomagno

Boffa

et al. 2017

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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This work is concerned with the use of infrared thermography (IRT) to investigate impact damaging of carbon/epoxy materials. IRT has already proved suitability to visualize thermal effects induced by impact tests, but till now it has been mainly used with thin laminates with little attention toward the thicker ones. The aim of this work is to compare thermal effects evolving on both thin and relatively thick laminates to better validate the use of IRT and to get information useful for the comprehension of composites impact damaging mechanisms. Impact tests are carried out at different energies with a modified Charpy pendulum while the specimen surface opposite to that struck by the impactor is viewed by the infrared imaging device, which collects a sequence of thermal images. The analysis of the temperature variations during impact supplies information about the peak contact force, the initiation of the impact damage as well extension of delamination and of the overall impact affected zone. In addition, impacted specimens are non‐destructively evaluated with lock‐in thermography; the obtained phase images are compared with thermal images recorded during impact. An integration of results helps to estimate the impact damage location and its size. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 57:657–664, 2017. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…The investigation is driven towards composites made of glass fibres embedded in either a thermoset, or a thermoplastic, matrix and subjected to both impact, and quasi-static bending, tests. Impact tests are performed with a modified Charpy pendulum which, unlike the commonly used falling dart machines, allows enough room for positioning of the infrared camera to view the specimen surface opposite to the impact [3]; sequences of thermal images are collected with a cooled detector camera. A microbolometric handheld camera is used to view and record images during quasi-static bending with a standard three-point bending configuration set-up [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared thermography to inline monitoring of glass fibres based composites under impact and quasi-static bending tests

Boccardi¹,

Carlomagno²,

Meola³

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Quantitative InfraRed Thermography

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This work would bear witness for the benefits of using infrared thermography during characterization of composite materials. Specimens made of glass fibres embedded in either a thermoset, or a thermoplastic, matrix are considered and subjected to mechanical tests: impact and quasi-static bending. Impact tests are performed with a modified Charpy pendulum, while quasi-static bending with a standard three point testing configuration setup. An infrared camera views the specimen surface opposite to the load application and acquires sequences of thermal images at a given frame rate. The acquired sequences are later post-processed to get information about damage initiation and propagation.

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New perspectives on impact damaging of thermoset- and thermoplastic-matrix composites from thermographic images

Cited by 33 publications

References 13 publications

Infrared Thermography for Inline Monitoring of Glass/Epoxy under Impact and Quasi-Static Bending

Infrared Thermography for Inline Monitoring of Glass/Epoxy under Impact and Quasi-Static Bending

Infrared thermography to locate impact damage in thin and thicker carbon/epoxy panels

Infrared thermography to inline monitoring of glass fibres based composites under impact and quasi-static bending tests

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