Spectra accompanying oxygen atom recombination have been measured in the 280-600 nm spectral range, at all-O 2 and approximately all-He and all-N 2 baths with 2 nm spectral resolution and an accuracy of several per cent. Emission bands from the O 2 (A 3 + u , v = 0-4 and c 1 u , v = 0, 1) vibronic levels have been observed and assigned by a simulation procedure. Intensities of individual bands, relative Einstein coefficients, relative transition moments and vibronic level populations have been determined. The population profiles of the A 3 + u , v = 0-4 and c 1 u , v = 0, 1 vibronic levels depend strongly on the relative O 2 concentration. A nonmonotonic dependence of the c 1 − u -X 3 − g transition moment with internuclear distance in its 0.136-0.153 nm range has been found. The mechanism and kinetics of population and decay of vibronic levels of the molecular oxygen ungerade states and night airglow on Earth and Venus are discussed.