Newly-formed photosynthates and the respiration rate of girdled stems of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc.)

Wang, W. J.; Zu, Yuan Gang; Wang, H. M.; Li, X. Y.; Hirano, Takashi; Koike, Takao

doi:10.1007/s11099-005-0172-1

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This newly formed assimilating tissue might also explain why the starch content tended to increase in L after girdling. Such an increase was never observed before in other girdling experiments (Li et al, 2003;Daudet et al, 2005;Wang et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussion Double Girdling Affects Both the Carbon And Watersupporting

confidence: 61%

Tree Girdling: A Tool to Improve Our Understanding of Coupled Sugar and Water Transport

Schepper¹,

Steppe²

2013

Acta Hortic.

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(max 300 words)Girdling can be used as a valuable research tool to improve our understanding of the integrated water (xylem) and sugar (phloem) transport. Therefore, girdling was applied in two ways on young oak trees (Quercus robur L.): manipulation of the sugar flow by mechanically removing a half band of bark (halfgirdling) and a complete band of bark at two different heights (double girdling). The double girdling effects on both the water and sugar transport were investigated by analysing stem diameter variations, photosynthesis, xylem sap flow and concentrations of carbohydrates. The double-girdled oak trees could be divided in three stem zones: (1) the upper stem zone (U) still receiving new assimilates from the leaves, (2) the lowest stem zone (L) receiving only stored sugars from the roots, and (3) the middle stem zone (M) completely isolated from crown and roots. As downward carbon transport was interrupted by girdling, the stem expansion and carbohydrate content increased in U, indicating that U became the major sink instead of the roots. In contrast to U, stem expansion and carbohydrate content decreased in the two lower stem zones (M and L). Furthermore, a decrease in photosynthesis and sap flow rate was observed, which could be attributed to an indirect girdling effect. In the half-girdled trees, a labelling with radio-active 11 C was applied to visualise the sugar flow in small stem segments. The images of the labelled sugar flows showed that the translocation in the transport phloem was sectorial in both treated and untreated trees. However, half-girdling demonstrated that this sectorial behaviour was plastic and that lateral sugar translocation in the transport phloem was enhanced after wounding. In conclusion, different ways of girdling were successfully applied to test and confirm several in literature proposed hypotheses.

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Section: Discussion Double Girdling Affects Both the Carbon And Watersupporting

confidence: 61%

Tree Girdling: A Tool to Improve Our Understanding of Coupled Sugar and Water Transport

Schepper¹,

Steppe²

2013

Acta Hortic.

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“…Across the species measured, stem temperature explained from 31 to 66% of the variation in E S during the dormant season, but only 1-20% in the growing season. Among the factors that influence E S during the growing season, but are not present in the dormant season, are growth respiration, which is considered temperature independent (Thornley and Johnson 1990), the flux of transported CO 2 in xylem sap Aubrey and Teskey 2009), current photosynthate supply (Wang et al 2006b;Wittmann and Pfanz 2008). Similar to our results, Zach et al (2010) found that for trees in tropical montane forest, E S was independent from T S in the wet season, but was well correlated with T S in the dry season.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem CO2 efflux of ten species in temperate forests in Northeastern China

Yang

Teskey²,

Wang

2012

Trees

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Stem CO 2 efflux (E S ) is an important component of forest ecosystem carbon budgets and net ecosystem CO 2 exchange, but little is known about E S in temperate forests in Northeastern China, an area with a large extent of forest. We measured E S along with stem temperature at 1 cm depth (Ts) over a 9 month period in 2007 on ten dominant tree species of secondary forests of the region. Other measurements included the autotrophic component of soil CO 2 efflux (E A ) and stem diameter at breast height (DBH). Our objectives were to (1) examine the seasonal patterns and species differences in E S , and (2) determine the correlations between E S and Ts, DBH and E A . Mean E S for the measurement period ranged from 1.09 to 1.74 lmol CO 2 m -2 s -1 among the ten species. The sensitivity of E S to Ts (Q 10 ) ranged from 1.87 to 2.61. Across the ten species 57-89% of variation in E S was explained by T S and DBH. There was also a linear relationship between mean E S and E A . E S was better predicted by Ts in the dormant season than the growing season, indicating that additional factors such as growth respiration and internal transport of CO 2 in the xylem became more important contributors to E S during the growing season. Stem CO 2 efflux increased, and Q 10 decreased, with increasing DBH in all species. Although temperature exerts strong control on the rate of cellular respiration, we conclude that in tree stems in situ, T S , DBH and many other factors affect the relationship between CO 2 evolution by respiring cells and the diffusion of CO 2 to the stem surface.

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“…Cernusak et al (2006) found that R stem declined in several tropical savanna tree species following fire disturbance that reduce canopy leaf area. Wang et al (2006) showed that the magnitude of diel R stem in Pinus koraiensis Sieb. & Zucc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carbon availability via canopy photosynthesis is tightly linked to stem and soil CO 2 efflux (Tang et al 2005). Stem CO 2 efflux declined when substrate availability was experimentally manipulated by altering the supply of photosynthates (Edwards et al 2002) through stem girdling (Edwards and McLaughlin 1978;Martin et al 1994;Lavigne et al 2004;Wang et al 2006;Maier et al 2010), pruning (Maier and Clinton 2006), or canopy scorching (Cernusak et al 2006). Cernusak et al (2006) attributed lower rates of stem CO 2 efflux following burning to reductions in canopy photosynthesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient changes in transpiration, and stem and soil CO2 efflux in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) following fire-induced leaf area reduction

Clinton

Maier

Ford

et al. 2011

Trees

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In 20-year-old longleaf pine, we examined short-term effects of reduced live leaf area (A L ) via canopy scorching on sap flow (Q; kg H 2 O h -1 ), transpiration per unit leaf area (E L ; mm day -1 ), stem CO 2 efflux (R stem ; lmol m -2 s -1 ) and soil CO 2 efflux (R soil ; lmol m -2 s -1 ) over a 2-week period during early summer. R stem and Q were measured at two positions (1.3-m or BH, and base of live crown-BLC), and R soil was measured using 15 opensystem chambers on each plot. E L before and after treatment was estimated using Q measured at BLC with estimates of A L before and after scorching. We expected Q to decrease in scorched trees compared with controls resulting from reduced A L . We expected R stem at BLC and BH and R soil to decrease following scorching due to reduced leaf area, which would decrease carbon supply to the stem and roots. Scorching reduced A L by 77%. Prior to scorching, Q at BH was similar between scorch and control trees. Following scorching, Q was not different between control and scorch trees; however, E L increased immediately following scorching by 3.5-fold compared to control trees. Changes in E L in scorched trees corresponded well with changes in VPD (D), whereas control trees appeared more decoupled over the 5-day period following treatment. By the end of the study, R stem decreased to 15-25% in scorched trees at both stem positions compared to control trees. Last, we found that scorching resulted in a delayed and temporary increase in R soil rather than a decrease. No change in Q and increased E L following scorching indicates a substantial adjustment in stomatal conductance in scorched trees. Divergence in R stem between scorch and control trees suggests a gradual decline in stem carbohydrates following scorching. The absence of a strong R soil response is likely due to non-limiting supplies of root starch during early summer.

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Newly-formed photosynthates and the respiration rate of girdled stems of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc.)

Cited by 16 publications

References 7 publications

Tree Girdling: A Tool to Improve Our Understanding of Coupled Sugar and Water Transport

Tree Girdling: A Tool to Improve Our Understanding of Coupled Sugar and Water Transport

Stem CO2 efflux of ten species in temperate forests in Northeastern China

Transient changes in transpiration, and stem and soil CO2 efflux in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) following fire-induced leaf area reduction

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