NF-κB-mediated anti-inflammatory effects of an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) device in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced in vitro and in vivo inflammation models

Abstract

Inflammation is the body’s physiological response to harmful agents. However, if not regulated properly, inflammation can become pathological. Macrophages are key players in the inflammatory process, and modulate the immune response. Due to the side effects of anti-inflammatory drugs, non-pharmaceutical therapies for inflammatory diseases must be developed. Photobiomodulation is a non-invasive therapeutic approach to treating certain pathological conditions using light energy. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are commonly used as light sources for photobiomodulation treatment, but their clinical applications are limited. Organic LEDs (OLEDs) are thin, lightweight and flexible, enabling consistent and even delivery of light energy to target areas; this makes OLED promising components for therapeutic devices. In the present study, we examined the effects of OLED treatment on inflammation in vitro using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage RAW264.7 cell model, and in vivo using a pinna skin mouse model. We found that LPS-induced morphological changes and inflammatory cytokine expression were significantly reduced in RAW264.7 cells subjected to OLED treatment compared to the LPS-induced controls. This work provides evidence for the anti-inflammatory effects of OLEDs, demonstrating their potential to be incorporated into medical devices in the future.

Photobiomodulation of Neurogenesis through the Enhancement of Stem Cell and Neural Progenitor Differentiation in the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems

“…PBM promotes the recovery of damaged nerve cells through mitochondrial fission imbalance [54] and influences various intracellular signaling pathways involved in cell differentiation. It modulates the activity of transcription factors, such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate, mitogen-activated protein kinases, nuclear factor kappa B, and neuroligin-3, which play vital roles in regulating gene expression and determining cell fate [18,[55][56][57]. The intracellular stimulation of a specific wavelength by PBM affects gene expression and stem cell differentiation and is involved in cell differentiation.…”

Near-Infrared Light Exposure Triggers ROS to Downregulate Inflammatory Cytokines Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein in Human Cell Culture

“…PBM has been proven clinically effective in osteoarthritis [19]; bone [20] and wound [21] healing; and for other conditions with underlying inflammation such as thyroiditis [22], psoriasis and chronic pain [23]. In keeping with its anti-inflammatory effects, PBM treatment has been shown to suppress pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and deactivate the inflammasome in a variety of cell culture and animal disease models [19,[23][24][25]. The advantages of PBM over other forms of therapy are the absence of side effects and the possibility to specifically target the diseased tissue.…”