Nitrate accelerated corrosion of lead solder in potable water systems

Nguyen, Caroline K.; Stone, Kendall R.; Edwards, Marc

doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2010.11.039

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…7 It should be noted that the addition of 5 mg/L Cu 2+ in the form of Cu(NO 3 ) 2 also contributed approximately 2 mg/L of NO 3 --N into the water, which is a possible confounding factor in light of recent discoveries regarding the impacts of nitrate on lead corrosion. 22 Isolating the impacts of cupric ion alone would require addition of the counter ion to the control water as a sodium salt, and should be pursued in future research.…”

Section: Deposition Corrosion Potential Of Lead Pipe Under Flowing Wamentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper-Induced Metal Release from Lead Pipe into Drinking Water

Hu¹,

Gan²,

Triantafyllidou³

et al. 2012

Corrosion

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The effect of added cupric ions (0 mg/L to 5 mg/L Cu +2 ) on possible deposition corrosion of lead pipe was investigated in bench-scale experiments under flowing and stagnant water conditions. Under stagnation the presence of cupric ions in the water feeding lead pipes marginally increased lead release into the water, but under continuous recirculation it could increase lead release by orders of magnitude. Other benchscale experiments investigated galvanic corrosion between lead and copper pipes under stagnation, confirming that water chemistry (particularly the chloride-to-sulfate mass ratio [CSMR]) is a controlling factor in either "strengthening" galvanic corrosion and increasing water lead contamination by orders of magnitude (high CSMR water) or "weakening" the galvanic effect with less but still significant contribution to water lead contamination (low CSMR water). Longitudinal water pH measurements along the length of the galvanic rigs revealed a significant pH drop close to the lead:copper junction at relatively short stagnation times in high CSMR water, which is consistent with the observations of higher lead leaching and higher galvanic current measured in that situation.

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Section: Deposition Corrosion Potential Of Lead Pipe Under Flowing Wamentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper-Induced Metal Release from Lead Pipe into Drinking Water

Hu¹,

Gan²,

Triantafyllidou³

et al. 2012

Corrosion

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“…Chloramines have also been reported to be more effective than free chlorine at reducing heterotrophic plate counts (HPC) in drinking water systems (Neden et al, 1992). For all of these reasons the use of chloramines as a disinfectant has increased in recent years at U.S. water utilities (Seidel et al, 2005;Nguyen et al, 2011). In some situations; however, use of chloramines can trigger nitrification, which can accelerate chloramine decay.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, distribution systems can also be thought of as complex biological and chemical reactors (Awwa Research Foundation, 2007) in which deficiencies including disinfectant decay, long detention times, corrosion, and microbial activity can deteriorate the quality of water delivered to consumers (U.S. Environemental Protection Agency, 2002a; Nguyen et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox gradients in distribution systems influence water quality, corrosion, and microbial ecology

et al. 2015

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“…Cartier (2012) observed that lowering the CSMR from 0.9 to 0.3 significantly decreased lead release from lead pipes connected to copper tubing with brass fittings. Decreasing the pH level (Gregory, 1990) or increasing the nitrate concentration (Nguyen et al, 2011a) was also found to increase lead release resulting from galvanic corrosion. In contrast, increasing bicarbonate, zinc, or silicate concentrations could inhibit galvanic corrosion (Nguyen et al, 2011b; Gregory, 1990).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of connection methods on lead release from galvanic corrosion

et al. 2013

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Laboratory experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of galvanic corrosion on lead release following simulated partial lead service line replacements. Experiments were conducted in a recirculating flow mode with intermittent stagnation periods using aged lead pipes harvested from Washington, D.C. Lead pipe and copper tubing were connected by brass, brass dielectric, and plastic couplings; additional experiments were performed with plastic couplings and an external wire to connect the lead and copper. Lead release increased in the order of systems connected with plastic, plastic with external wires, brass dielectric, and brass couplings. The trends are consistent with galvanic reactions between lead and copper and between lead and brass. For systems with galvanic corrosion, the increased lead release was primarily in a particulate form. Increasing the chloride‐to‐sulfate mass ratio from 0.7 to 7 did not increase the dissolved or total lead release.

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Nitrate accelerated corrosion of lead solder in potable water systems

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

Copper-Induced Metal Release from Lead Pipe into Drinking Water

Copper-Induced Metal Release from Lead Pipe into Drinking Water

Redox gradients in distribution systems influence water quality, corrosion, and microbial ecology

Effect of connection methods on lead release from galvanic corrosion

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