Nitrate loss and transformation in 2 vegetated headwater streams

Cooper, Alan; Cooke, James G.

doi:10.1080/00288330.1984.9516065

Cited by 83 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This observation corresponds to many others reported in the literature (e.g. Van Kessel 1977, Hoare 1979, Hill 1981, Cooper & Cooke 1984, Kelly et al 1987, Birgand 2000, Appelboom 2004. Results from the calculation of the mass transfer coefficient show that the exponential decay hypothesis is acceptable in our case.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Comparative use of field and laboratory mesocosms for in-stream nitrate uptake measurement

Turlan¹,

Bírgand²,

Marmonier

2007

Ann. Limnol. - Int. J. Lim.

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Recent publications suggest that in large watersheds a large proportion (20 to 70%) of the net nitrogen input to the aquatic environment may be removed during water's downstream path towards the outlet. In small watersheds there are few to no evaluations of the importance of in-stream processes in the overall nitrogen budget due in part to the lack of simple and robust methods for measuring in-stream nitrate uptake. We propose a comparative study for laboratory and field measurements on open mesocosms, 30 cm in diameter. Nitrate uptake was evaluated from the kinetics of disappearance of nitrate in water overlying undisturbed sediment cores, both in the laboratory and in-situ. Using both laboratory and in-situ mesocosms was an effort to determine whether the methods were comparable and applicable on a routine basis. Nitrate disappearance kinetics in the laboratory yielded expected results, which are that nitrate uptake rates are linearly correlated to nitrate concentration in the water column. In such conditions, our results show that the potential for nitrate uptake in streams can be calculated from the mass transfer coefficient. Our comparative study shows that incubations conducted in the laboratory intrinsically limit hyporheic exchanges, associated with small water level fluctuations, which may in fact prevail in the field as the in-situ incubations have shown. In-situ experiments yielded unexpected results, such as the succession of disappearance and gain of nitrate in the mesocosms through time. This was attributed to hyporheic exchanges, both natural and artificially induced by the design of the mesocosms. Both methods should be considered for future nitrate uptake studies as they yield complementary results, provided that some simple changes are made in the design of in-situ mesocosms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Comparative use of field and laboratory mesocosms for in-stream nitrate uptake measurement

Turlan¹,

Bírgand²,

Marmonier

2007

Ann. Limnol. - Int. J. Lim.

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“…Streams with low flow volumes and discharge rates generally have greater capacity for pollutant attenuation (Vallett et al, 1996). In vegetated headwater streams, where flow velocity and thus discharge rate is reduced, substantial amounts of nitrate attenuation have been documented (Cooper & Cooke, 1984).…”

Section: Stream Hydrology Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrology of channelized and natural headwater streams / Hydrologie de cours d'eau recalibrés et naturels de tête de bassin

King

Smiley

Fausey

2009

Hydrological Sciences Journal

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Understanding hydrology of channelized and natural headwater streams is paramount for maintaining ecosystem function and natural flow regimes. Two channelized and two natural headwater streams located in Upper Big Walnut Creek (UBWC) watershed in Ohio, USA, were instrumented to facilitate measurement, characterization and comparison of hydrology to the accepted paradigm for headwater hydrology. Data were collected at 10-min intervals from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2006. Differences in flow magnitudes (average, low and high) were generally greater (P < 0.05) in the channelized streams. Frequency of zero discharge and out-of-bank discharge was significantly greater in the natural streams. Zero discharge occurred in summer and out-of-bank flows occurred in winter. Rate of change variables indicated that channelized streams respond more quickly to rainfall, have significantly greater peak flows, and have slower recession times. In contrast, natural streams tend to be more "flashy". The findings were generally consistent with the accepted paradigm for headwater hydrology and attributed to stream type, presence of subsurface drainage, potential connection to groundwater, and differences in riparian vegetation. The design and installation of management practices that influence hydrology should consider the potential impacts of altering stream hydrology. Management practices such as water-table management have the potential and show promise in altering the hydrology of channelized streams to resemble the hydrology of natural streams.

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“…These include differences in hydraulic gradients and sediment conductivities in the vicinity of the stream, spatial variations in stream bottom sediments and water-sediment exchanges (Harvey and Bencala 1993;Triaka et al 1993), denitrification in stream sediments (Kaushik and Robinson 1976;Hill 1979;Hill and Sanmugades 1985;Christensen et al 1990;Bradley et al 1995;Burns 1998), vegetative uptake (Cooper and Cooke 1984;Cooper 1990) and other in-situ production and reduction processes such as nitrification (Triaka et al 1990; Kemp and Dodds 2002) and dissimilatory NO À 3 reduction to ammonium (Hill and Sanmugadas 1985). Experiments have pointed to microbial denitrification in bottom sediments as a major process leading to NO À 3 removal in streams (Robinson et al 1979;Hill 1983;Christensen and Sorensen 1988;Christensen et al 1989;Kemp and Dodds 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate removal in a first-order stream: reconciling laboratory and field measurements

Kellman

2004

Biogeochemistry

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Abstract. A combination of laboratory and field experiments were carried out to evaluate nitrate(NO This apparent disparity between simulated laboratory and insitu stream removal rates appears to be a function of the hydrological processes controlling exchanges between stream bottom sediments and the overlying water. These results suggest that caution must be exercised in extrapolating potentials for NO À 3 removal measured in laboratory experiments to the field, as these rates could be overestimated in some watersheds.

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Nitrate loss and transformation in 2 vegetated headwater streams

Cited by 83 publications

References 14 publications

Comparative use of field and laboratory mesocosms for in-stream nitrate uptake measurement

Comparative use of field and laboratory mesocosms for in-stream nitrate uptake measurement

Hydrology of channelized and natural headwater streams / Hydrologie de cours d'eau recalibrés et naturels de tête de bassin

Nitrate removal in a first-order stream: reconciling laboratory and field measurements

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