Nitric Oxide Therapy for Dermatologic Disease

Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the maintenance and regulation of the skin and the integrity of its environment. Derangement of NO production is implicated in the etiology of a multitude of dermatologic diseases, indicating future therapeutic directions. In an era of increasing resistance rates to available antibiotics and subpar development of new agents, NO is promising as a prospective topical broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent with small likelihood of resistance development. Because the greatest strides have been made in the setting of infectious disease and skin and soft-tissue infection, this will be a major focus of this article. In addition, we will review NO's role in skin regulation and dysregulation, immune function, the various topical release systems that have been devised and tested, NO's relation to UV radiation and skin pigmentation, and finally, its potential applications as a cosmeceutical.

3D model of harlequin ichthyosis reveals inflammatory therapeutic targets

“…We detected an increase in FOSL2, the AP-1 subunit, in the HI 3D model. Increased NOS2 results in high, long-lasting levels of NO (31), involved in many cutaneous physiological processes, including vasodilatation, apoptosis, inflammation, wound healing, and epidermal differentiation (26).…”

“…The JAK/STAT pathway is involved in many biological processes, including skin homeostasis ( 24 ). Upon activation, the transcription factor STAT1 can induce the transcription of its target gene NOS2 ( 25 ), responsible for the increase of the free radical NO, a molecule having either beneficial or harmful effects on skin homeostasis depending on its concentration and length of exposure ( 26 ). Also, increased levels of intracellular ceramides can upregulate NOS2 ( 27 ).…”

“…Upregulation of the STAT1/NOS2 pathway has not been reported in HI before; however, it has been described in other inflammatory skin diseases, such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (26,32), sharing characteristics of skin barrier impairment and increased inflammation. It is interesting to note that tofacitinib, a potent inhibitor of the JAK family that has significantly improved the HI 3D phenotype, is already licensed for treating active psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis (33), revealing the pertinence of targeting the JAK/STAT pathway in inflammatory skin diseases, such as HI.…”

Preparation of coffee oil-algae oil-based nanoemulsions and the study of their inhibition effect on UVA-induced skin damage in mice and melanoma cell growth

“…Thus, subcutaneous blood flow rate can be used as an index of skin inflammation. 37 Figure 5E shows the subcutaneous blood flow rate as affected by UVA irradiation in the presence and absence of 0.1% nanoemulsion. The subcutaneous blood flow rates of the control treatment were from 9.20 to 9.56 mL/min/100 g over a 6-day irradiation period, which were similar to that of the 0.1% nanoemulsion treatment alone (9.27-9.88 mL/min/100 g).…”

Effect of L-arginine and corvitin on oxidative-nitrosative stress in skin of rats exposed to excessive sodium nitrate

“…В останні роки NO розглядається як важливий медіатор у фізіології шкіри. Він бере участь у забезпеченні її бар'єрно-захисних функцій, підтримці нормального кровотоку в мікроциркуляторному руслі, опосередковує процес ацетилхолініндукованої вазодилатації, регулює норадренергічну трансмісію і електричну провідність [4,5]. Наслідком виявлення таких властивостей NO було створення низки мазей, кремів, гелів та інших лікарських форм і косметичних засобів, що містять його донатори.…”