Nitrogen-doped porous carbon fiber/vertical graphene as an efficient polysulfide conversion catalyst for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries

Lin, Jing‐Yu; Mo, Yangcheng; Li, Shiwen; Yu, Jie

doi:10.1039/d1ta08968d

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Besides, more and more studies have also reported that doping of heteroatoms [such as nitrogen ( Cheng et al, 2022 ; Lin et al, 2022 ), phosphorus ( Liu et al, 2021b ; Huang et al, 2021 ), sulfur ( Li et al, 2018 ; Zhang et al, 2020 ), boron ( Yang et al, 2014 ; Eroglu et al, 2020 ) etc.,] in carbon materials can result in the enhancement of conductivity and electrochemical activity of the material. It has been proven that nitrogen-doped carbon materials can improve the interaction between sulfur and the carbon matrix, assist in inhibiting the shuttle effect of polysulfides, and then enhance the interaction between nitrogen doping site functional groups and polysulfides ( Jing et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen/sulfur dual-doped micro-mesoporous hierarchical porous carbon as host for Li-S batteries

Zhao

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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A simple hydrothermal process employing sucrose and glutathione as the source of carbon and nitrogen-sulfur, respectively, a porous carbon/sulfur composite material doped with nitrogen and sulfur (NSPCS) was synthesized. The detailed structure information of the material was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. The morphology information was investigated through Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) methods. Structure of the pores and pore size distribution were investigated employing N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm. The material was treated Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in order to know the weight ratio of sulfur. The synthesized NSPCS composite produced high specific capacity, excellent rate performance and exceptionally good cycle stability when used as the positive electrode in Li-S batteries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen/sulfur dual-doped micro-mesoporous hierarchical porous carbon as host for Li-S batteries

Zhao

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…N-doped carbon materials, such as N-doped porous carbon, [57,58] N-doped graphene, [59] and N-doped carbon fibers, [60] have been reported for enhanced SRR kinetics. N-doping enhances the electrical conductivity and chemical adsorption toward polysulfides, promoting the convention kinetics of sulfur species through catalytic effects.…”

Section: Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfur Reduction Reaction in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: Mechanisms, Catalysts, and Characterization

Zhou

Danilov

Qiao

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

142

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of lithium-ion batteries on a large scale. Therefore, the development of rechargeable batteries with high energy density and reliability would be a priority. One of the most promising candidates is lithiumsulfur (Li-S) batteries, which have great potential for addressing these issues. [5][6][7] The conversion reaction based on the reduction of sulfur to lithium sulfides (Li 2 S) yields a high theoretical capacity of 1675 mAh g −1 (S 8 + 16 Li = 8 Li 2 S). Such a capacity is significantly higher than that of insertion cathode materials such as LiCoO 2 and LiFePO 4 , which deliver capacities below 200 mAh g −1 . The 16-electron electrochemical charge transfer reaction with a working voltage of about 2.2 V allows a specific energy density of 2600 Wh kg −1 for Li-S batteries. With optimal configuration, a practical energy density of 500-600 Wh kg −1 would be achievable when considering additional battery components. [8] Moreover, sulfur possesses the merits of abundant resources, safety, and environmental friendliness. The breakthrough in Li-S batteries will promote the development and application of renewable energy.Despite the great potential for replacing lithium-ion batteries, Li-S batteries still face several critical problems. [9] The principal one is the sluggish conversion kinetics of the sulfur reduction reaction (SRR) during discharging due to the low conductivity of sulfur species and complicated 16-electron conversion Lithium-sulfur batteries are one of the most promising alternatives for advanced battery systems due to the merits of extraordinary theoretical specific energy density, abundant resources, environmental friendliness, and high safety. However, the sluggish sulfur reduction reaction (SRR) kinetics results in poor sulfur utilization, which seriously hampers the electrochemical performance of Li-S batteries. It is critical to reveal the underlying reaction mechanisms and accelerate the SRR kinetics. Herein, the critical issues of SRR in Li-S batteries are reviewed. The conversion mechanisms and reaction pathways of sulfur reduction are initially introduced to give an overview of the SRR. Subsequently, recent advances in catalyst materials that can accelerate the SRR kinetics are summarized in detail, including carbon, metal compounds, metals, and single atoms. Besides, various characterization approaches for SRR are discussed, which can be divided into three categories: electrochemical measurements, spectroscopic techniques, and theoretical calculations. Finally, the conclusion and outlook part gives a summary and proposes several key points for future investigations on the mechanisms of the SRR and catalyst activities. This review can provide cutting-edge insights into the SRR in Li-S batteries.

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“…This physical confinement and chemical anchoring help prevent the loss of soluble lithium polysulfides, reducing the notorious “shuttle effect”. Further, N-doped carbon can improve the sulfur cathode cycle stability and promote Li + diffusion, resulting in increased charge transfer from polysulfide species to N-doped substrates through Li atoms. ,− …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The interconnected network of PAN-derived CNFs provides physical confinement and anchoring sites for sulfur species within the cathode. Also, the N-doped carbonaceous materials with active sites, such as pyridinic-N, pyrrolic-N, and graphitic-N, are effective techniques for polysulfide chemisorption . This physical confinement and chemical anchoring help prevent the loss of soluble lithium polysulfides, reducing the notorious “shuttle effect”.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Candle Soot-Embedded Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers as a Flexible and Free-Standing Sulfur Host for High-Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Cherian,

Kishore,

Reddy

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Lithium−sulfur batteries (LSBs) have gained considerable attention during the last few decades owing to their high energy density than conventional Li-ion batteries. Apart from the various technical challenges associated with LSBs, there is a need to eliminate the binder, additive, and current collectors used in conventional cell fabrication to enhance the energy density of LSBs. Therefore, this work reports a free-standing flexible cathode matrix synthesized by electrospun nanofiber using candle soot (CS)-incorporated polyacrylonitrile to boost the performance of LSBs. Sulfur is incorporated into a free-standing CS-carbon nanofiber (CS-CNF) mat by a melt diffusion approach. This flexible free-standing architecture provides good mechanical and electrical properties and also assists in suppressing the infamous shuttle effect of polysulfides. Further, its porous network helps to sustain the volume variation arising during electrochemical redox reactions. A detailed electrochemical study reveals that the interconnected nanofiber architecture helps in high sulfur loading and shows excellent rate performance and cyclability. The fabricated LSB with the CS (2 wt %)-CNF/S cathode delivers a high initial discharge capacity of 804 mAh g −1 at 0.5 A g −1 over 200 cycles of the charge−discharge cycle after the rate capability study. Further, the CS (2 wt %)-CNF/S cathode delivers a remarkable specific capacity of 1190 mAh g −1 at 0.1 A g −1 and 865 mAh g −1 after 400 cycles at a high current rate of 1 A g −1 . This study paves an innovative way to synthesize scalable and cost-effective procedures for developing an excellent carbon nanofiber-based free-standing flexible cathode matrix for high-performance LSBs with higher sulfur loading for commercial adoption.

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Nitrogen-doped porous carbon fiber/vertical graphene as an efficient polysulfide conversion catalyst for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries

Abstract: A freestanding sulfur cathode based on nitrogen-doped porous carbon fiber/vertical graphene (NF@VG) composites is proposed to effectively boosts the catalytic conversion kinetics of polysulfides and inhibit the shuttle effect of polysulfides.

Cited by 22 publications

References 53 publications

Nitrogen/sulfur dual-doped micro-mesoporous hierarchical porous carbon as host for Li-S batteries

Nitrogen/sulfur dual-doped micro-mesoporous hierarchical porous carbon as host for Li-S batteries

Sulfur Reduction Reaction in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: Mechanisms, Catalysts, and Characterization

Candle Soot-Embedded Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers as a Flexible and Free-Standing Sulfur Host for High-Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

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