Nitrogen Management Strategies to Reduce Nitrate Leaching in Tile‐Drained Midwestern Soils

Dinnes, Dana L.; Karlen, Douglas L.; Jaynes, Dan B.; Kaspar, T. C.; Hatfield, Jerry L.; Colvin, T. S.; Cambardella, Cynthia A.

doi:10.2134/agronj2002.1530

Cited by 649 publications

(314 citation statements)

References 120 publications

(160 reference statements)

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“…Multiple cropping systems using cover crop or relay intercropping (group B) can mitigate nitrate losses by drainage. A typical winter cover crop can, for instance, decrease NO 3− leaching by 25 kg N ha −1 (Dabney et al 2001;Dinnes et al 2002). The main advantages of these systems over conventional crop sequences result from a combination of increased plant N capture throughout the year through nutrient cycling and N 2 fixation, reduced N fertilizer input, and a gradual release of organic N that is often better synchronized, than fertilizer application with crop demand and microbial population dynamics.…”

Section: Multiple Cropping Systems To Reduce Environmental Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple cropping systems as drivers for providing multiple ecosystem services: from concepts to design

Gaba

Lescourret

Boudsocq

et al. 2014

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

287

190

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Provisioning services, such as the production of food, feed, and fiber, have always been the main focus of agriculture. Since the 1950s, intensive cropping systems based on the cultivation of a single crop or a single cultivar, in simplified rotations or monocultures, and relying on extensive use of agrochemical inputs have been preferred to more diverse, self-sustaining cropping systems, regardless of the environmental consequences. However, there is increasing evidence that such intensive agroecosystems have led to a decline in biodiversity as well as threatening the environment and have damaged a number of ecosystem services such as the biogeochemical nutrient cycles and the regulation of climate and water quality. Consequently, the current challenge facing agriculture is to ensure the future of food production while reducing the use of inputs and limiting environmental impacts and the loss of biodiversity. Here, we review examples of multiple cropping systems that aim to use biotic interactions to reduce chemical inputs and provide more ecosystem services than just provisioning. Our main findings are the identification of underlying ecological processes and management strategies related to the provision of pairs of ecosystem services namely food production and a regulation service. We also found gaps between ecological knowledge and the constraints of agricultural practices in taking account of the interactions and possible trade-offs between multiple ecosystem services as well as socioeconomic constraints. We present guidelines for the design of multiple cropping systems combining ecological, agricultural, and genetic concepts and approaches.

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Section: Multiple Cropping Systems To Reduce Environmental Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple cropping systems as drivers for providing multiple ecosystem services: from concepts to design

Gaba

Lescourret

Boudsocq

et al. 2014

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

287

190

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In many (model) studies buffer strips were effective in reducing loads of N and P towards open water systems (e.g., PeterJohn and Correll 1984;Lowrance et al 1984;Orleans et al 1994;Vought et al 1994;Kuusemets et al 2001;Borin and Bigon 2002;Sabater et al 2003), but exceptions were found that were attributed to specific hydrological conditions or, for P, to the release of P due to reducing circumstances during wetting (LeedsHarrison et al 1999;Komor and Magner 1996). Dinnes et al (2002) reported efficiencies of buffer strips in reducing N and P loads of surface water of 48% to almost 100%. The efficiency was mainly related to the width of the buffer strip.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced nitrate concentrations in shallow ground water under a non-fertilised grass buffer strip

Beek

Heinen

Clevering

2007

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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In this paper the suitability of a buffer strip to reduce nitrate concentrations in the upper groundwater was tested for a sandy arable soil in The Netherlands during two consecutive leaching seasons. The bufferstrip was a 3.5 m wide unfertilised grass strip adjacent to a ditch on an arable field. In total 24 groundwater wells were installed in 4 transects perpendicular to the ditch to determine Cl, NO 3 and d 15 N concentrations. Piezometers were installed to assess the groundwater flow, which was in the direction of the ditch with small downward leakage across a peat layer at about 3 m depth. Nitrogen was dominantly present as nitrate (NO 3 ). The NO 3 -N concentrations under the bufferstrip were significantly lower than under the adjacent arable field. The lower concentrations were due to dilution, uptake by grass and denitrification. Nitrate was actively removed in the bufferstrip, since the Cl/NO 3 ratios were higher in the bufferstrip than in the remainder of the field. Furthermore, d 15 N data indicated that denitrification occurred in the groundwater and increased with decreasing distance to the ditch. NO 3 -N loads to the ditch were estimated at 8.5 kg ha -1 yr -1 , which is relatively low for this area. We can, however, not determine whether these relatively low NO 3 -N loads were causally related to the reduced NO 3 -N concentrations in the bufferstrip. Nevertheless, the results of the present study are promising and justify additional research on the efficiency of bufferstrips to reduce NO 3 concentrations in shallow groundwater, and subsequently reduce NO 3 loading of surface water, under Dutch conditions.

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“…Also, current crop management practices result in the development of highly nitrifying soil environments (3,4). Nitrification results in the transformation of the relatively immobile NH 4 ϩ to highly mobile nitrate (NO 3 Ϫ ), making inorganic N susceptible to losses through leaching of NO 3 Ϫ and/or gaseous N emissions, potentially initiating a cascade of environmental and health problems (1,2,5,6). Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) is one of the three major biogenic greenhouse gases contributing to global warming, produced primarily from denitrification processes in agricultural systems (5,7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for biological nitrification inhibition inBrachiariapastures

Subbarao

Nakahara²,

Hurtado³

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

438

420

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Nitrification, a key process in the global nitrogen cycle that generates nitrate through microbial activity, may enhance losses of fertilizer nitrogen by leaching and denitrification. Certain plants can suppress soil-nitrification by releasing inhibitors from roots, a phenomenon termed biological nitrification inhibition (BNI). Here, we report the discovery of an effective nitrification inhibitor in the root-exudates of the tropical forage grass Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) Schweick. Named ''brachialactone,'' this inhibitor is a recently discovered cyclic diterpene with a unique 5-8-5-membered ring system and a ␥-lactone ring. It contributed 60 -90% of the inhibitory activity released from the roots of this tropical grass. Unlike nitrapyrin (a synthetic nitrification inhibitor), which affects only the ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) pathway, brachialactone appears to block both AMO and hydroxylamine oxidoreductase enzymatic pathways in Nitrosomonas. global warming ͉ nitrogen pollution ͉ nitrous oxide emissions ͉ root exudation ͉ climate change M ost modern agricultural systems are based on large inputs of inorganic nitrogen (N), with ammonium (NH 4 ϩ ) being the primary N source (1, 2). Also, current crop management practices result in the development of highly nitrifying soil environments (3, 4). Nitrification results in the transformation of the relatively immobile NH 4 ϩ to highly mobile nitrate (NO 3 Ϫ ), making inorganic N susceptible to losses through leaching of NO 3 Ϫ and/or gaseous N emissions, potentially initiating a cascade of environmental and health problems (1, 2, 5, 6). Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) is one of the three major biogenic greenhouse gases contributing to global warming, produced primarily from denitrification processes in agricultural systems (5, 7). Also, assimilation of NO 3 Ϫ by plants can result in further N 2 O emissions directly from plant canopies (8). The low agronomic N-use efficiency (NUE) found in many agricultural systems is largely the result of N losses associated with nitrification (i.e., N losses from NO 3 Ϫ leaching and denitrification) (9-11). Most plants have the ability to assimilate both NH 4 ϩ and NO 3 Ϫ (12); therefore, nitrification does not need to be a dominant process in the N cycle for efficient N use.Nitrification is low in some forest and grassland soils (13-17). Since the early 1960s, some tropical grasses have been suspected of having the capacity to inhibit nitrification (18-21). However, this concept remained controversial due to the lack of direct evidence showing such inhibitory effects or the identification of specific inhibitors (22).We adopted a very sensitive bioassay using a recombinant luminescent Nitrosomonas europaea to detect biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) in plant-soil systems with the inhibitory activity of roots expressed in allylthiourea units (ATU) (23). Using this methodology, we were able to show that certain plants release nitrification inhibitors from their roots (23-26). Such BNI capacity appears to be relatively widespread among...

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Nitrogen Management Strategies to Reduce Nitrate Leaching in Tile‐Drained Midwestern Soils

Cited by 649 publications

References 120 publications

Multiple cropping systems as drivers for providing multiple ecosystem services: from concepts to design

Multiple cropping systems as drivers for providing multiple ecosystem services: from concepts to design

Reduced nitrate concentrations in shallow ground water under a non-fertilised grass buffer strip

Evidence for biological nitrification inhibition inBrachiariapastures

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