NK Cells in Autoimmune Diseases: Protective or Pathogenic?

Liu, Meifang; Liang, Shuai; Zhang, Cai

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.624687

Cited by 46 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 201 publications

(232 reference statements)

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“…In addition, it should be noted that inflammation itself has been associated both with induction of NK cell apoptosis and augmented proliferation in the setting of cytokine stimulation. Increased NK cell levels in the circulation have been associated with disease activity or adverse prognosis in several disease models of inflammation, such as sepsis and autoimmune disease ( 24 – 27 ). Accordingly, both in experimental sepsis models and in clinical studies of patients with sepsis and septic shock, NK cells in the circulation increased in numbers and displayed an activated phenotype whereas their counts showed a direct association with mortality ( 24 – 26 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association of Circulating CD14++CD16+ Monocytes, Natural Killer Cells and Regulatory T Cells Subpopulations With Phenotypes of Cardiovascular Disease in a Cohort of Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

et al. 2021

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The altered expression of immune cells including monocyte subsets, natural killer (NK) cells and CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in end-stage kidney disease, affect the modulation of inflammation and immunity with significant clinical implications. The aim of this study was to investigate the profile of specific immune cells subpopulations and their correlations with phenotypes of established cardiovascular disease (CVD), including coronary artery disease (CAD) and heart failure (HF) in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.Materials and Methods: 29 stable PD patients and 13 healthy volunteers were enrolled. Demographic, laboratory, bioimpedance measurements, lung ultrasound and echocardiography data were collected. The peripheral blood immune cell subsets analysis was performed using flow cytometry.Results: PD patients compared to normal controls had lower total lymphocytes (22.3 ± 6.28 vs. 31.3 ± 5.54%, p = <0.001) and B-lymphocytes (6.39 ± 3.75 vs. 9.72 ± 3.63%, p = 0.01) as well as higher CD14++CD16+ monocytes numbers (9.28 ± 6.36 vs. 4.75 ± 2.75%, p = 0.0002). PD patients with prevalent CAD had NK cells levels elevated above median values (85.7 vs. 40.9%, p = 0.04) and lower B cells counts (3.85 ± 2.46 vs. 7.2 ± 3.77%, p = 0.03). Patients with increased NK cells (>15.4%) had 3.8 times higher risk of CAD comparing with patients with lower NK cell levels (95% CI, 1.86 – 77.87; p = 0.034). B cells were inversely associated with the presence of CAD (increase of B-lymphocyte by 1% was associated with 30% less risk for presence of CAD (95% CI, −0.71 – 0.01; p = 0.05). Overhydrated patients had lower lymphocytes counts (18.3 ± 4.29% vs. 24.7 ± 6.18%, p = 0.006) and increased NK cells [20.5% (14.3, 23.6) vs. 13.21% (6.23, 19.2), p = 0.04)]. In multiple logistic regression analysis the CRP (OR 1.43; 95% CI, 1.00 – 2.05; p = 0.04)] and lymphocytes counts (OR 0.79; 95% CI, 0.63–0.99; p = 0.04)] were associated with the presence of lung comets. Patients with higher NK cells (>15.4%, n = 15) were more likely to be rapid transporters (D/P creatinine 0.76 ± 0.1 vs. 0.69 ± 0.08, p = 0.04). Patients displaying higher Tregs (>1.79%) were older (70.8 ± 10.7 years vs. 57.7 ± 14.7years, p = 0.011) and had higher nPCR (0.83 ± 0.14 vs. 0.91 ± 0.17, p = 0.09).Conclusion: Future research is required to evaluate the role of immune cells subsets as potential tools to identify patients at the highest risk for complications and guide interventions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association of Circulating CD14++CD16+ Monocytes, Natural Killer Cells and Regulatory T Cells Subpopulations With Phenotypes of Cardiovascular Disease in a Cohort of Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

et al. 2021

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“…Therefore, NK cell hyperactivation and dysfunction are associated with the pathogenesis of some inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. However, NK cells could have both protective and pathogenic roles in these diseases depending on the disease type and surrounding environment [107,108].…”

Section: Ido1 and Nk Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Kynurenine Pathway—New Linkage between Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Autoimmune Endocrinopathies

Krupa

Kowalska

2021

IJMS

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The kynurenine pathway (KP) is highly regulated in the immune system, where it promotes immunosuppression in response to infection or inflammation. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), the main enzyme of KP, has a broad spectrum of activity on immune cells regulation, controlling the balance between stimulation and suppression of the immune system at sites of local inflammation, relevant to a wide range of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Various autoimmune diseases, among them endocrinopathies, have been identified to date, but despite significant progress in their diagnosis and treatment, they are still associated with significant complications, morbidity, and mortality. The precise cellular and molecular mechanisms leading to the onset and development of autoimmune disease remain poorly clarified so far. In breaking of tolerance, the cells of the innate immunity provide a decisive microenvironment that regulates immune cells’ differentiation, leading to activation of adaptive immunity. The current review provided a comprehensive presentation of the known role of IDO1 and KP activation in the regulation of the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Significant attention has been paid to the immunoregulatory role of IDO1 in the most prevalent, organ-specific autoimmune endocrinopathies—type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and autoimmune thyroiditis.

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“…Autoimmune diseases are characterized by a loss of tolerance and subsequent recognition of self‐antigens by dysregulated immune cells. The hallmarks of autoimmune diseases are inflammation, loss of self‐tolerance and the presence of autoantibodies 116 . Under normal conditions, T cells undergo negative selection in the thymic medulla to delete autoreactive T cells prior to their release into the periphery and then transport to the peripheral organization for maintaining peripheral immune tolerance 74 .…”

Section: Flavonoids and Autoimmune Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory potential of flavonoids for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and tumour

Han

Deng³

et al. 2021

Scand J Immunol

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The immune system plays an indispensable role in maintaining human health against the invasion of foreign materials, microorgainisms and pathogens. The autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory disorders are characterized by dysregulated immune responses resulting in excessive and uncontrolled tissue inflammation, as well as tumour, and others. In recent years, flavonoids are widely recognized as potentially natural polyphenol compounds for the treatment of multiple diseases, given their immunomodulatory activity, antioxidant and antineoplastic activities. However, the exact mechanisms of flavonoids on the immune system and inhibiting tumour remains unclear. This review article provides an overview of the impact and mechanism of flavonoids on innate and adaptive immune system through the analysis of various immune cells. Meanwhile, we also explain the probable therapeutic mechanism of flavonoids on tumour and other chronic diseases. Overall, this review may provide a certain theoretical direction and theoretical basis for the application of flavonoids in the treatment of immune‐related disorders and tumour.

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NK Cells in Autoimmune Diseases: Protective or Pathogenic?

Cited by 46 publications

References 201 publications

The Association of Circulating CD14++CD16+ Monocytes, Natural Killer Cells and Regulatory T Cells Subpopulations With Phenotypes of Cardiovascular Disease in a Cohort of Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

The Association of Circulating CD14++CD16+ Monocytes, Natural Killer Cells and Regulatory T Cells Subpopulations With Phenotypes of Cardiovascular Disease in a Cohort of Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

The Kynurenine Pathway—New Linkage between Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Autoimmune Endocrinopathies

Immunomodulatory potential of flavonoids for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and tumour

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