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Ridley, B. A.; Walega, J. G.; Montzka, D. D.; Grahek, F. E.; Atlas, Elliot L.; Flocke, Frank; Stroud, V.; Deary, John; Gallant, A.; Boudries, H.; Bottenheim, J. W.; Anlauf, K. G.; Worthy, D.; Sumner, Ann Louise; Splawn, Bryan G.; Shepson, P. B.

doi:10.1023/a:1006301029874

Cited by 97 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…However, previous studied have highlighted the complexities of photochemistry chemistry occurring at or directly above snow surfaces , which complicates the interpretation of these observations. Specifically, previous studies have shown enhancements of reactive species integral to HO x and NO x budgets at snow surfaces, e.g., HONO, CH 2 O, and H 2 O 2 (Hutterli et al, 1999(Hutterli et al, , 2001Honrath et al, 1999;Ridley et al, 2000;Zhou et al, 2001). Photolysis of these HO x / NO x precursors at or above the snow surface or a direct emission of NO x could result in a net apparent surface source of HO 2 NO 2 , as it would shift the gas phase equilibrium, Reactions (R1) and (R2), towards the formation of HO 2 NO 2 .…”

Section: Uintah Basin Wintertime Ozone Study Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peroxynitric acid (HO2NO2) measurements during the UBWOS 2013 and 2014 studies using iodide ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry

et al. 2015

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Abstract. In this paper laboratory work is documented establishing iodide ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry (I − CIMS) as a sensitive method for the unambiguous detection of peroxynitric acid (HO 2 NO 2 ; PNA). A dynamic calibration source for HO 2 NO 2 , HO 2 , and HONO was developed and calibrated using a novel total NO y cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CaRDS) detector. Photochemical sources of these species were used for the calibration and validation of the I − CIMS instrument for detection of HO 2 NO 2 . Ambient observations of HO 2 NO 2 using I − CIMS during the 2013 and 2014 Uintah Basin Wintertime Ozone Study (UBWOS) are presented. Strong inversions leading to a build-up of many primary and secondary pollutants as well as low temperatures drove daytime HO 2 NO 2 as high as 1.5 ppbv during the 2013 study. A comparison of HO 2 NO 2 observations to mixing ratios predicted using a chemical box model describing an ozone formation event observed during the 2013 wintertime shows agreement in the daily maxima HO 2 NO 2 mixing ratio, but a differences of several hours in the timing of the observed maxima. Observations of vertical gradients suggest that the ground snow surface potentially serves as both a net sink and source of HO 2 NO 2 depending on the time of day. Sensitivity tests using a chemical box model indicate that the lifetime of HO 2 NO 2 with respect to deposition has a nonnegligible impact on ozone production rates on the order of 10 %.

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Section: Uintah Basin Wintertime Ozone Study Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peroxynitric acid (HO2NO2) measurements during the UBWOS 2013 and 2014 studies using iodide ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry

et al. 2015

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“…NO 2 mixing ratios can therefore be estimated from the extended Leighton ratio as derived in Ridley et al (2000): (Ridley et al, 2000). The photolytic rate constant j R2 was calculated from the NCAR/ACD radiative-transfer model TUV version 5.0 (Lee-Taylor and Madronich, 2002) with O 3 columns measured by total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS) (http: //ozoneaq.gsfc.nasa.gov/ozone_overhead_current_v8.md) and assuming clear-sky conditions.…”

Section: Steady-state Estimation Of Atmospheric Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric nitric oxide and ozone at the WAIS Divide deep coring site: a discussion of local sources and transport in West Antarctica

et al. 2013

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The first measurements of atmospheric nitric oxide (NO) along with observations of ozone (O₃), hydroperoxides (H₂O₂ and MHP) and snow nitrate (NO₃^–) on the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) were carried out at the WAIS Divide deep ice-coring site between 10 December 2008 and 11 January 2009. Average ±1σ mixing ratios of NO were 19 ± 31 pptv and confirmed prior model estimates for the summer boundary layer above WAIS. Mean ±1σ mixing ratios of O₃ of 14 ± 4 ppbv were in the range of previous measurements from overland traverses across WAIS during summer, while average ±1σ concentrations of H₂O₂ and MHP revealed higher levels with mixing ratios of 743 ± 362 and 519 ± 238 pptv, respectively.

An upper limit for daily average NO₂ and NO emission fluxes from snow of 8.6 × 10⁸ and 33.9 × 10⁸ molecule cm^–2 s^–1, respectively, were estimated based on photolysis of measured NO₃^– and nitrite (NO₂^–) in the surface snowpack. The resulting high NO_x emission flux may explain the little preservation of NO₃^– in snow (~ 30%) when compared to Summit, Greenland (75–93%). Assuming rapid and complete mixing into the overlying atmosphere, and steady state of NO_x, these snow emissions are equivalent to an average (range) production of atmospheric NO_x of 30 (21–566) pptv h^–1 for a typical atmospheric boundary-layer depth of 250 (354–13) m. These upper bounds indicate that local emissions from the snowpack are a significant source of short-lived nitrogen oxides above the inner WAIS.

The net O₃ production of 0.8 ppbv day^–1 triggered with NO higher than 2 pptv is too small to explain the observed O₃ variability. Thus, the origins of the air masses reaching WAIS Divide during this campaign were investigated with a 4-day back-trajectory analysis every 4 h. The resulting 168 back trajectories revealed that in 75% of all runs air originated from the Antarctic coastal slopes (58%) and the inner WAIS (17%). For these air sources O₃ levels were on average 13 ± 3 ppbv. The remaining 25% are katabatic outflows from the East Antarctic Plateau above 2500 m. When near-surface air from the East Antarctic Plateau reaches WAIS Divide through a rapid transport of less than 3 days, O₃ levels are on average 19 ± 4 ppbv with maximum mixing ratios of 30 ppbv. Episodes of elevated ozone at WAIS Divide are therefore linked to air mass export off the East Antarctic Plateau, demonstrating that outflows from the highly oxidizing summer atmospheric boundary layer in the interior of the continent can episodically raise the mixing ratios of long-lived atmospheric chemical species such as O₃ and enhance the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere above WAIS

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“…Assuming a homogeneous layer 1 km thick, this corresponds to a concentration of 6.6 × 10 8 molec cm −3 and a volume mixing ratio of 27 pptv. Taking the NO/NO 2 ratio of 0.5 given by Ridley et al (2000) in similar conditions, this leads to a total NO x mixing ratio of 40 pptv. These detection limits are below the 50 pptv achieved with commercial airborne chemiluminescent analyzers (Ancellet et al, 2009), but above the 2 pptv mentionned by Ridley et al (2000) for a custom-made instrument using also the chemiluminescence technique.…”

Section: No 2 : Influence Of the Stratosphere And Detection Limitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne DOAS measurements in Arctic: vertical distributions of aerosol extinction coefficient and NO2 concentration

et al. 2011

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Abstract. We report on airborne Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) measurements of aerosol extinction and NO 2 tropospheric profiles performed off the North coast of Norway in April 2008. The DOAS instrument was installed on the Safire ATR-42 aircraft during the POLARCAT-France spring campaign and recorded scattered light spectra in near-limb geometry using a scanning telescope. We use O 4 slant column measurements to derive the aerosol extinction at 360 nm. Regularization is based on the maximum a posteriori solution, for which we compare a linear and a logarithmic approach. The latter inherently constrains the solution to positive values and yields aerosol extinction profiles more consistent with independently measured size distributions. We present results from two soundings performed on 8 April 2008 above 71 • N, 22 • E and on 9 April 2008 above 70 • N, 17.8 • E. The first profile shows aerosol extinction and NO 2 in the marine boundary layer with respective values of 0.04 ± 0.005 km −1 and 1.9 ± 0.3 × 10 9 molec cm −3 . A second extinction layer of 0.01 ± 0.003 km −1 is found at 4 km altitude where the NO 2 concentration is 0.32 ± 0.2 × 10 9 molec cm −3 . During the second sounding, clouds prevent retrieval of profile parts under 3 km altitude but a layer with enhanced extinction (0.025 ± 0.005 km −1 ) and NO 2 (1.95 ± 0.2 × 10 9 molec cm −3 ) is clearly detected at 4 km altitude.From CO and ozone in-situ measurements complemented by back-trajectories, we interpret the measurements in the free troposphere as, for the first sounding, a mix between stratospheric and polluted air from Northern Europe and forCorrespondence to: A. Merlaud (alexis.merlaud@aeronomie.be) the second sounding, polluted air from Central Europe containing NO 2 . Considering the boundary layer measurements of the first flight, modeled source regions indicate closer sources, especially the Kola Peninsula smelters, which can explain the NO 2 enhancement not correlated with a CO increase at the same altitude.

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Cited by 97 publications

References 47 publications

Peroxynitric acid (HO<sub>2</sub>NO<sub>2</sub>) measurements during the UBWOS 2013 and 2014 studies using iodide ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry

Peroxynitric acid (HO<sub>2</sub>NO<sub>2</sub>) measurements during the UBWOS 2013 and 2014 studies using iodide ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry

Atmospheric nitric oxide and ozone at the WAIS Divide deep coring site: a discussion of local sources and transport in West Antarctica

Airborne DOAS measurements in Arctic: vertical distributions of aerosol extinction coefficient and NO<sub>2</sub> concentration

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Untitled

Cited by 97 publications

References 47 publications

Peroxynitric acid (HO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) measurements during the UBWOS 2013 and 2014 studies using iodide ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry

Peroxynitric acid (HO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) measurements during the UBWOS 2013 and 2014 studies using iodide ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry

Atmospheric nitric oxide and ozone at the WAIS Divide deep coring site: a discussion of local sources and transport in West Antarctica

Airborne DOAS measurements in Arctic: vertical distributions of aerosol extinction coefficient and NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; concentration

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Product

Resources

About

Peroxynitric acid (HO<sub>2</sub>NO<sub>2</sub>) measurements during the UBWOS 2013 and 2014 studies using iodide ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry

Peroxynitric acid (HO<sub>2</sub>NO<sub>2</sub>) measurements during the UBWOS 2013 and 2014 studies using iodide ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry

Airborne DOAS measurements in Arctic: vertical distributions of aerosol extinction coefficient and NO<sub>2</sub> concentration