No Effect of Muscle Stretching within a Full, Dynamic Warm-up on Athletic Performance

Blazevich, Anthony J.; Gill, Nicholas; Kvorning, Thue; Kay, Anthony D; Goh, Alvin G; Hilton, Bradley; Drinkwater, Eric J.; Behm, David G.

doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001539

Cited by 75 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Recent studies incorporating all aspects of a full warm-up (i.e. aerobic activity, SS, DS, and dynamic sport specific activity) have not shown any performance deficits with a moderate duration of SS either [55,56]. Although 60 s of SS per muscle group did not result in performance decreases with a full warm-up, more excessive SS of 2 min per muscle group could still induce some deficits [56].…”

Section: Stretching Within a Full Warm-upmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Although 60 s of SS per muscle group did not result in performance decreases with a full warm-up, more excessive SS of 2 min per muscle group could still induce some deficits [56]. Furthermore, while the inclusion of SS within a full warm-up did not enhance physical performance (nor impair it), there was a positive psychological effect as the individuals felt more confident of achieving high performance in the ensuing sports-related tests [55]. The meta-analysis from Behm et al [1] also highlighted a number of common limitations of the typical stretching and subsequent performance studies published in the literature.…”

Section: Stretching Within a Full Warm-upmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…More research is needed to examine the SS and DS dose response relationship of high flexible athletes compared to the average population in terms of ROM and possible subsequent performance impairments. However, as a reminder, there are no studies showing performance impairments when stretching is incorporated into a full warm-up [31,55,56].…”

Section: High Flexibility Populations (Dancers Gymnasts and Figure Smentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Acute Effects of Stretching on Flexibility and Performance: A Narrative Review

Lima

Ruas

Behm

et al. 2019

J. of SCI. IN SPORT AND EXERCISE

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Passive and active stretching techniques have been shown to increase both chronic and acute range of motion (ROM). Acute ROM improvements can be countered by decreases in muscle performance, primarily after prolonged static stretching (SS) and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) techniques when not incorporated into a full warm up procedure. In contrast, ballistic stretching and dynamic stretching techniques typically induce either an increase or no change in muscular force and power. This review explores studies that have investigated stretching responses on ROM, muscle functionality and performance. Collectively, the literature demonstrates that prolonged acute SS and PNF stretching can elicit the greatest changes in flexibility, but without additional dynamic activities (i.e. full warm up) can induce neuromuscular force and power output impairments, while increasing ROM and some sports specific performance. Muscle response to stretching may be determined by the manipulation of confounding variables such as duration, population, volume, test specificity and frequency. An increased dosage of some of these variables during stretching in isolation, augments ROM increases while attenuating muscle force output, except for stretching intensity which may lead to similar responses. Populations with high flexibility may have positive effects from stretching when tested on their sport specific performance, while general population may suffer greater negative effects. Not controlling these variables during stretching protocols may lead to misleading information regarding its effects on muscle performance.

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Section: Stretching Within a Full Warm-upmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Stretching Within a Full Warm-upmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: High Flexibility Populations (Dancers Gymnasts and Figure Smentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Acute Effects of Stretching on Flexibility and Performance: A Narrative Review

Lima

Ruas

Behm

et al. 2019

J. of SCI. IN SPORT AND EXERCISE

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“…Warming-up also seeks to improve performance and reduce lesions in physical exercises [6,7]. In those of short duration and high intensity, it potentiates the rapid production of energy, producing more intense contractions; and in those of long duration, previously activates the energy production of the aerobic component; reduces the slow aerobic component and toxic metabolites, such as lactic acid.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effects of stretching on preventing lesions and performance are contradictory in the literature, mainly due to the possible variations among techniques and sports involved [7,16,17]. In a systematic review, Hebert, et al [18] concluded that stretching before, after; or before and after physical training did not produce ly 90°, palms of the hands facing outwards.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Warm-up or Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation are Unnecessary before Anaerobic or Aerobic Power Exercise?

Alexandre¹,

Viana²,

Franca³

et al. 2020

Int J Sports Exerc Med

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Preparatory activities for physical exercise and/or sports competition are carried out with the improving performance and preventing injuries. Traditional Warm-up (TW), such as jogging and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) stretching, are two examples of activities used for this purpose. However, there is no consensus in the literature about their efficacy, and which of them is the best. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of TW and PNF on anaerobic power (AnP) and Aerobic Power (AP) and on physiological variables. In this study 10 (ten) men aged between 18 and 30 years, physically active, non-athletes, were evaluated in an external environment with an average temperature of 34 °C, in a crossover system in 04 different time intervals: TW (M1), PNF (M2), TW (M3) and PNF (M4) before the vertical jump test and 20m Yo-Yo tests, with an interval of one week between them. The AnP and AP values were calculated; the post-test lactate and heart rate were measured, and the volunteers were asked about Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) 24h the tests. One-way ANOVA was carried out to test the 04 time intervals, with significance established at 5%. There were no differences between the variables in the different time intervals. There was no difference in physical performance in any of the types of pre-exercise preparation activities. Furthermore, TW with elevation of body temperature and PNF that improve muscle length appeared to be dispensable for active young men in a warm environment.

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Influence of whole‐body vibration and drop jump on the range of motion in the ankle joint and running parameters—A randomized crossover study

Ewertowska,

Zapadka,

Głażewska

et al. 2024

Physiotherapy Res Intl

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Background and PurposeWarm‐up (WU) is a commonly practiced technique aimed at preparing athletes for physical activity. Although coaches and athletes consider WU essential, there is still an ongoing debate about its effectiveness. This might be due to the fact that WU procedures often rely on experiences rather than scientific research. During WU, athletes may pursue intermediate goals such as ensuring proper ranges of motion in joints, which seem crucial particularly for runners' ankle joints. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate influence of whole‐body vibration (WBV), drop jump (DJ), and a combination of both (WBV + DJ) in terms of ankle dorsiflexion and running parameters among recreational runners.MethodsSixteen runners performed as a WU: five sets of 30 s calf raises without WBV (CTRL), five sets of 30 s calf raises during WBV, five sets of six DJ, five sets of 30 s calf raises during WBV followed by 6 DJ. Range of motion (ROM) of the ankle joint was measured in a prone position using an inclinometer for the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles, separately. Measurements were conducted before and after WU, and after a 3000 m run.ResultsThere was no interaction for time and WU for left (p = 0.926) and right (p = 0.738) soleus muscle as well as for left (p = 0.748) and right (p = 0.197) gastrocnemius muscles. No difference (p = 0.914) for the running time was found.DiscussionWBV, drop jumps, or a combination of both did not affect ankle dorsiflexion and running time.

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No Effect of Muscle Stretching within a Full, Dynamic Warm-up on Athletic Performance

Cited by 75 publications

References 26 publications

Acute Effects of Stretching on Flexibility and Performance: A Narrative Review

Acute Effects of Stretching on Flexibility and Performance: A Narrative Review

Warm-up or Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation are Unnecessary before Anaerobic or Aerobic Power Exercise?

Influence of whole‐body vibration and drop jump on the range of motion in the ankle joint and running parameters—A randomized crossover study

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