No place to hide: microclimates of Sonoran Desert Drosophila

Gibbs, Allen G.; Perkins, Marc C.; Markow, Therese A.

doi:10.1016/s0306-4565(03)00011-1

Cited by 87 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Temperature can vary on a daily, seasonal, or spatial scale (Gibbs et al, 2003) and this variation can have major impacts on an individual's fitness (Hoffmann et al, 2003;Rohmer et al, 2004) as well as its daily behavioral activities (Hoffmann and Parsons, 1991;Gilchrist and Huey, 1999;Gilbert and Huey, 2001;David et al, 2003). Thus, variation in environmental temperature will generally impose stress upon the organism, which may result in the evolution of adaptive genetic mechanisms to cope with temperature extremes in nature (Hoffmann and Parsons, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative trait loci for thermotolerance phenotypes in Drosophila melanogaster

2006

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For insects, temperature is a major environmental variable that can influence an individual's behavioral activities and fitness. Drosophila melanogaster is a cosmopolitan species that has had great success in adapting to and colonizing diverse thermal niches. This adaptation and colonization has resulted in complex patterns of genetic variation in thermotolerance phenotypes in nature. Although extensive work has been conducted documenting patterns of genetic variation, substantially less is known about the genomic regions or genes that underlie this ecologically and evolutionarily important genetic variation. To begin to understand and identify the genes controlling thermotolerance phenotypes, we have used a mapping population of recombinant inbred (RI) lines to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) that affect variation in both heat-and cold-stress resistance. The mapping population was derived from a cross between two lines of D. melanogaster (Oregon-R and 2b) that were not selected for thermotolerance phenotypes, but exhibit significant genetic divergence for both phenotypes. Using a design in which each RI line was backcrossed to both parental lines, we mapped seven QTL affecting thermotolerance on the second and third chromosomes. Three of the QTL influence cold-stress resistance and four affect heat-stress resistance. Most of the QTL were trait or sex specific, suggesting that overlapping but generally unique genetic architectures underlie resistance to low-and high-temperature extremes. Each QTL explained between 5 and 14% of the genetic variance among lines, and degrees of dominance ranged from completely additive to partial dominance. Potential thermotolerance candidate loci contained within our QTL regions are identified and discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative trait loci for thermotolerance phenotypes in Drosophila melanogaster

2006

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“…Although this assumption might seem reasonable, behavioral adjustments enable some ectotherms to achieve relatively constant T b at different seasons or latitudes (Stevenson 1985b. Drosophila thermoregulate carefully in laboratory gradients (Dillon et al 2009) and adjust activity patterns in nature (Pascual et al 1993, Noor 1998, Argemı´et al 2000 (Jones et al 1987, Feder et al 1997b, Gibbs et al 2003. Therefore, we first developed techniques to approximate T b and to score behavioral patterns of adult flies in nature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partial thermoregulatory compensation by a rapidly evolving invasive species along a latitudinal cline

Huey

Pascual

2009

Ecology

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Abstract. In fewer than two decades after invading the Americas, the European fly Drosophila subobscura evolved latitudinal clines in several traits. Moreover, its chromosomal inversion frequencies at given localities have shifted with climate warming. Temperature may have driven the evolution of both geographic clines and within-site shifts. Nevertheless, whether body temperature (T b ) of active flies actually varies geographically and temporally is unknown: if these flies are effective behavioral thermoregulators, they might maintain relatively constant T b when active, independent of season and latitude. To evaluate these possibilities, we monitored activity and estimated T b of active flies in all seasons and at five sites (37-498 N) in western North America. Latitudinal and seasonal shifts in activity are conspicuous. Flies have longer activity seasons (and are much more active) at higher latitudes. Flies are generally active only at midday in cool seasons, and only early and late in the day (if active at all) in warm seasons. Despite these behavioral shifts active flies have much lower T b in cooler seasons and at higher latitudes. The observed pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that geographic shifts in T b may be an evolutionary driver of latitudinal clines in this invading species.

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“…These findings are consistent with the survivorship results above, in that significant differences in body size were detected only under conditions of moderate and severe competition. Decreased body size can have potentially deleterious effects on host lifespan, dispersal capabilities, male mating success, female fecundity and desiccation tolerance (Roff, 1977;Mangan, 1982;Heed and Mangan, 1986;Polak, 1998;Gibbs et al, 2003). Indeed, larval competition for food has been shown to have significant fitness consequences in natural Drosophila populations (Atkinson, 1979;Mangan, 1982;Santos et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The interaction between selection and larval density was modified by temperature, as reflected by the significant three-way interaction between these three factors. In the field, temperatures outside and inside cactus rot pockets fluctuate seasonally and daily (Gibbs et al, 2003), so adult and larval stages experience pronounced variation in temperature at different times of the year and day. Thus, the complex interaction we detected here may be operating in the fly's natural environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environment-dependent trade-offs between ectoparasite resistance and larval competitive ability in the Drosophila–Macrocheles system

Luong

Polák

2007

Heredity

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Costs of resistance are expected to contribute to the maintenance of genetic variation for resistance in natural host populations. In the present study, we experimentally test for genetic trade-offs between parasite resistance and larval competitive ability expressed under varying levels of crowding and temperature. Artificial selection for increased behavioral resistance was applied against an ectoparasitic mite (Macrocheles subbadius) in replicate lines of the fruit fly Drosophila nigrospiracula. We then measured correlated responses to selection in larval competitive ability by contrasting replicate selected and control (unselected) lines in the absence of parasitism. Experiments were conducted under variable environmental conditions: two temperatures and three levels of larval density. Our results reveal a negative genetic correlation between resistance and larval-adult survival under conditions of moderate and severe intra-specific competition. At both low and high temperature, percent emergence was significantly higher among control lines than selected lines. This divergence in larval competitive ability was magnified under high levels of competition, but only at low temperature. Hence, the interaction between selection treatment and larval density was modified by temperature. As predicted, larvae experiencing medium and high levels of competition exhibited an overall reduction in female body size compared to larvae at low levels of competition. Female flies emerging from selected lines were significantly smaller than those females from control lines, but this effect was only significant under conditions of moderate to severe competition. These results provide evidence of environment-dependent trade-offs between ectoparasite resistance and larval competitive ability, a potential mechanism maintaining genetic polymorphism for resistance.

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No place to hide: microclimates of Sonoran Desert Drosophila

Cited by 87 publications

References 28 publications

Quantitative trait loci for thermotolerance phenotypes in Drosophila melanogaster

Quantitative trait loci for thermotolerance phenotypes in Drosophila melanogaster

Partial thermoregulatory compensation by a rapidly evolving invasive species along a latitudinal cline

Environment-dependent trade-offs between ectoparasite resistance and larval competitive ability in the Drosophila–Macrocheles system

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