Noise in Gm-C filters

Efthivoulidis, G.; Tóth, L.; Tsividis, Y.

doi:10.1109/82.664235

Cited by 46 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…2, replacing in Fig. 1 by , it can be shown (see Appendix) that the PSD of is given by (a related result for translinear circuits has been given in [20]) (15) 3 Unless mentioned otherwise, PSD stands for double-sided power spectral density. with (16) where denotes the operation of taking the time average, i.e., for some function 4 (17) For commonly used input signals, e.g., when is a sinusoid, , , and even the time averages can often be evaluated analytically, in which case the final formula (15) is suitable for analytical solution.…”

Section: Analysis For White Noise Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In the numerical verifications, is assumed to be a single-tone sinusoid, in which case the time averages in (15) can be evaluated analytically 5 .…”

Section: The Second and Third Examples Deal With Log-domain Circuitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…with (16) where denotes the operation of taking the time average, i.e., for some function 4 (17) For commonly used input signals, e.g., when is a sinusoid, , , and even the time averages can often be evaluated analytically, in which case the final formula (15) is suitable for analytical solution. The evaluation of the time averages in (16) seems to be time-consuming because intermodulating signals [ ] are potentially present in (15) for one single noise source. In the case of a higher order system with many noise sources, the number of terms increases drastically.…”

Section: Analysis For White Noise Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Noise analysis of externally linear systems

Tóth

Efthivoulidis

Tsividis

2000

IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II

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Noise analysis in externally linear time-invariant systems is complicated by the facts that noise sources may not be stationary and the relationships between the noise sources and the output are generally nonlinear. In this paper, we present a general noise analysis method which can be used to speed up repetitive noise calculations for a given system, and, most importantly, for theoretical investigations of its noise behavior, possibly leading to low-noise design techniques. A current mode syllabic companding and two log-domain filters are analyzed as illustrative examples.

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Section: Analysis For White Noise Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In the numerical verifications, is assumed to be a single-tone sinusoid, in which case the time averages in (15) can be evaluated analytically 5 .…”

Section: The Second and Third Examples Deal With Log-domain Circuitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analysis For White Noise Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Noise analysis of externally linear systems

Tóth

Efthivoulidis

Tsividis

2000

IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II

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“…, where is the excess noise factor of the transconductor [8], [9]. Also, as is often the case in optimized transconductor design, the power dissipation is assumed to be proportional to , with a constant of proportionality , depending on design details.…”

Section: A Constant C Versus Constantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Widely programmable high-frequency continuous-time filters in digital CMOS technology

Pavan

Tsividis

Nagaraj

2000

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

Self Cite

130

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We present design considerations for programmable high-frequency continuous-time filters implemented in standard digital CMOS processes. To reduce area, accumulation MOS capacitors are used as integrating elements. The filter design problem is examined from the viewpoint of programmability. To allow frequency scalability without deterioration of noise performance and of the frequency response shape, we employ a technique called "constant-capacitance scaling," which assures that even parasitic capacitances remain invariant when transconductors are switched in and out of the filter. This technique is applied to the design of a programmable fourth-order Butterworth continuous-time filter with a bandwidth programmable from 60 to 350 MHz implemented in a 0.25-m digital CMOS process. The filter has a dynamic range of 54 dB, dissipates 70 mW from a 3.3-V supply, and occupies an area of 0.15 mm 2 .

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“…Another very useful measure called signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is defined as the ratio of the mean-squared value of the signal to the mean-squared value of the noise. More detailed considerations of the SNR for the -filters can be found in the literature [19]. A significant improvement in linearity and distortion reduction of the proposed OTA in Fig.…”

Section: Noise and Dynamic Rangementioning

confidence: 99%

A field programmable analog array for CMOS continuous-time OTA-C filter applications

Pankiewicz

Wójcikowski

Szczepański

et al. 2002

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

124

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Abstract-A programmable high-frequency operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) is proposed and analyzed. A general configurable analog block (CAB) is presented, which consists of the proposed programmable OTA, programmable capacitor and MOSFET switches. Using the CABs, the universal tunable and field programmable analog array (FPAA) can be constructed, which can realize many signal-processing functions, including filters. A tuning circuit is also discussed. The proposed OTA has been simulated and fabricated in CMOS technology. The results show that the OTA has the transconductance tunable/programmable in a wide range of 700 times and the 3-dB bandwidth larger than 20 MHz. A universal 5 8 CAB array has been fabricated. The chip has also been configured to realize OTA-C 60-kHz and 500-kHz bandpass filters based on ladder simulation and biquad cascade.Index Terms-CMOS analog integrated circuits, continuous time filters, field programmable analog circuits, programmable circuits, programmable filters.

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Noise in Gm-C filters

Cited by 46 publications

References 23 publications

Noise analysis of externally linear systems

Noise analysis of externally linear systems

Widely programmable high-frequency continuous-time filters in digital CMOS technology

A field programmable analog array for CMOS continuous-time OTA-C filter applications

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