Non-Image Forming Effects of Light on Brainwaves, Autonomic Nervous Activity, Fatigue, and Performance

Askaripoor, Taleb; Motamedzade, Majid; Golmohammadi, Rostam; Farhadian, Maryam; Babamiri, Mohammad; Samavati, Mehdi

doi:10.5334/jcr.167

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Such high diversity in light sensitivity has also been experimentally observed with more than a 50-fold difference across individuals 43 . In addition to stimulating the visual system, light elicits responses related to physiological and neurobehavioral functions, known as the non-image forming (NIF) effects of the light 44 . Light sensitivity has a critical effect on NIF functions, such as the circadian entrainment, and shifts the timing of circadian rhythms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light entrainment of the SCN circadian clock and implications for personalized alterations of corticosterone rhythms in shift work and jet lag

Androulakis

2021

Sci Rep

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The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) functions as the central pacemaker aligning physiological and behavioral oscillations to day/night (activity/inactivity) transitions. The light signal entrains the molecular clock of the photo-sensitive ventrolateral (VL) core of the SCN which in turn entrains the dorsomedial (DM) shell via the neurotransmitter vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). The shell converts the VIP rhythmic signals to circadian oscillations of arginine vasopressin (AVP), which eventually act as a neurotransmitter signal entraining the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, leading to robust circadian secretion of glucocorticoids. In this work, we discuss a semi-mechanistic mathematical model that reflects the essential hierarchical structure of the photic signal transduction from the SCN to the HPA axis. By incorporating the interactions across the core, the shell, and the HPA axis, we investigate how these coupled systems synchronize leading to robust circadian oscillations. Our model predicts the existence of personalized synchronization strategies that enable the maintenance of homeostatic rhythms while allowing for differential responses to transient and permanent light schedule changes. We simulated different behavioral situations leading to perturbed rhythmicity, performed a detailed computational analysis of the dynamic response of the system under varying light schedules, and determined that (1) significant interindividual diversity and flexibility characterize adaptation to varying light schedules; (2) an individual’s tolerances to jet lag and alternating shift work are positively correlated, while the tolerances to jet lag and transient shift work are negatively correlated, which indicates trade-offs in an individual’s ability to maintain physiological rhythmicity; (3) weak light sensitivity leads to the reduction of circadian flexibility, implying that light therapy can be a potential approach to address shift work and jet lag related disorders. Finally, we developed a map of the impact of the synchronization within the SCN and between the SCN and the HPA axis as it relates to the emergence of circadian flexibility.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light entrainment of the SCN circadian clock and implications for personalized alterations of corticosterone rhythms in shift work and jet lag

Androulakis

2021

Sci Rep

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“…Neurobehavioral responses indicate the relationship between the nervous system and human behavior. They typically include psychological processes such as alertness ( Lockley et al, 2006 ; Cajochen, 2007 ), mood ( Xiao et al, 2021 ), cognitive performance ( Alkozei et al, 2017 ) as well as different physiological states like heart rate ( Cajochen et al, 2005 ; Askaripoor et al, 2018 ) and body temperature ( te Kulve et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Daytime Electric Light Exposure on Human Alertness and Higher Cognitive Functions: A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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This paper reports the results of a systematic review conducted on articles examining the effects of daytime electric light exposure on alertness and higher cognitive functions. For this, we selected 59 quantitative research articles from 11 online databases. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020157603). The results showed that both short-wavelength dominant light exposure and higher intensity white light exposure induced alertness. However, those influences depended on factors like the participants’ homeostatic sleep drive and the time of day the participants received the light exposure. The relationship between light exposure and higher cognitive functions was not as straightforward as the alerting effect. The optimal light property for higher cognitive functions was reported dependent on other factors, such as task complexity and properties of control light. Among the studies with short-wavelength dominant light exposure, ten studies (morning: 3; afternoon: 7) reported beneficial effects on simple task performances (reaction time), and four studies (morning: 3; afternoon: 1) on complex task performances. Four studies with higher intensity white light exposure (morning: 3; afternoon: 1) reported beneficial effects on simple task performance and nine studies (morning: 5; afternoon: 4) on complex task performance. Short-wavelength dominant light exposure with higher light intensity induced a beneficial effect on alertness and simple task performances. However, those effects did not hold for complex task performances. The results indicate the need for further studies to understand the influence of short-wavelength dominant light exposure with higher illuminance on alertness and higher cognitive functions.

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“…Stress-related cardiovascular responses, endocrine responses, and autonomic responses are controlled by the PVN, the target of this study [34,35,36]. Previous studies in humans have reported that different light sources or color temperatures may alter the autonomic activity, psychological state, and working performance [22,23,24,25,26]. For example, it has been indicated that sympathetic nerve activity is increased at high color temperatures in association with autonomic activities [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies in humans have reported that different light sources or color temperatures may alter the autonomic activity, psychological state, and working performance [22,23,24,25,26]. For example, it has been indicated that sympathetic nerve activity is increased at high color temperatures in association with autonomic activities [22]. In addition, it has been reported that parasympathetic nerve activity is enhanced to a greater extent under OLED light than under fluorescent light [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Different Light Sources on Neural Activity of the Paraventricular Nucleus in the Hypothalamus

Yokoyama

Chang

Anzai³

et al. 2019

Medicina

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Background and Objectives: Physical function is influenced by light irradiation, and interest in the influence of light irradiation on health is high. Light signals are transmitted from the retina to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) via the retinal hypothalamic tract as non-image vision. Additionally, the SCN projects a nerve to the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) which acts as a stress center. This study examined the influences of three different light sources on neural activity in the PVN region using two different color temperatures. Materials and Methods: Experiments were conducted using twenty-eight Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice (10 week old males). Three light sources were used: (1) organic light-emitting diode (OLED) lighting, (2) LED lighting, and (3) fluorescent lighting. We examined the effects of light irradiation from the three light sources using two different color temperatures (2800 K and 4000 K). Perfusion was done 60 min after light irradiation, and then the brain was removed from the mouse for an immunohistochemistry analysis. c-Fos was immunohistochemically visualized as a marker of neural activity in the PVN region. Results: The number of c-Fos-positive cells was found to be significantly lower under OLED lighting and LED lighting conditions than under fluorescent lighting at a color temperature of 2800 K, and significantly lower under OLED lighting than LED lighting conditions at a color temperature of 4000 K. Conclusions: This study reveals that different light sources and color temperatures alter the neural activity of the PVN region. These results suggest that differences in the light source or color temperature may affect the stress response.

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Non-Image Forming Effects of Light on Brainwaves, Autonomic Nervous Activity, Fatigue, and Performance

Cited by 19 publications

References 62 publications

Light entrainment of the SCN circadian clock and implications for personalized alterations of corticosterone rhythms in shift work and jet lag

Light entrainment of the SCN circadian clock and implications for personalized alterations of corticosterone rhythms in shift work and jet lag

Effects of Daytime Electric Light Exposure on Human Alertness and Higher Cognitive Functions: A Systematic Review

Effects of Different Light Sources on Neural Activity of the Paraventricular Nucleus in the Hypothalamus

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