Non-invasive Electronic Biosensor Circuits and Systems

Bifulco, Paolo; Calvo, Rafael A.; Cesarelli, Mario; Jin, Craig; McEwan, Alistair; Schaik, André van

doi:10.5772/7027

Cited by 10 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…To further minimize parasitic capacitance at board level, the guard ring pattern is repeated on each layer of the board and aside from the chips' necessary connections, no other traces are routed in the area under each INA116. As a last precaution, as recommended in the existing literature, wire connections to the chip are directly soldered to the board on the top layer (no thru-hole connections) [10,[21][22][23]. Finally, the assembled board is coated with conformal coating to protect it from moisture that could contaminate the board due to its use in the hospital environment (frequent cleaning and wiping of the enclosure/cables with disinfectant).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the “Zero of Potential of the Electric Field Produced by the Heart Beat”. A Machine Capable of Estimating this Underlying Persistent Error in Electrocardiography

et al. 2016

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Modern electrocardiography (ECG) uses a constructed reference potential for the majority of leads. This reference potential, named after its inventor as the Wilson central terminal, is assumed to have negligible value and to be stationary during the cardiac cycle. However, the problem of its variability during the cardiac cycle has been known almost since the inception of 12-lead electrocardiography. Due to the cumbersomeness of the measurement system required to fully appreciate these variations, this topic has received scant research attention during the last 60 years. Taking advantage of modern electronic amplifiers' capability to detect small voltages, drawing only femtoamperes from physiological equivalent signal sources and of the right-leg connection availability, we developed a complete electrocardiography device that, aside from the eight independent signals of the standard 12-lead ECG, allows direct recording of the Wilson central terminal components. In this paper, we present details of the circuit together with its initial clinical evaluation. For this trial, we recorded data from 44 volunteer patients at Campbelltown Hospital (Campbelltown, Australia) and we found that the Wilson central terminal amplitude, as foreseen by Frank and others in the 1950s, is not negligible, its amplitude in relation to the lead II is, on average, 51.2%, and thus it may be clinically relevant.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the “Zero of Potential of the Electric Field Produced by the Heart Beat”. A Machine Capable of Estimating this Underlying Persistent Error in Electrocardiography

et al. 2016

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“…In line with the growing demands of mobile monitoring [10,19], it is now a requirement that the power consumption of a monitoring device is at least in the order of a few µW. However, this requirement becomes not so compelling when the power consumption of interconnected circuits such as memorization or transmission devices [3,14,30] results higher (sometimes by orders of magnitude) than that of the biopotential front-end. Of note are several designers who reduced the power consumption of both the analogue and digital sections (sometimes including ADC) in order to break the barrier of the 1mW per biopotential front-end or channel [10].…”

Section: Quantitative Measurement Of Electrical Circuit Characteristimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is particularly true for ECG and EEG (i.e., heart and cardiovascular disease monitoring and Brain Computer Interface). Thus, in order to comply with home monitoring requirements, many of those novel devices claim the capability of recording electrophysiological signals continuously, with none (or very little) signal degradation over time and without the need for expert supervision [3,4]. Although some of those new technologies have been previously reviewed (i.e., [5]), existing reviews focus on claims and technologies to achieve long-term monitoring and/or dry electrode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Although the diagnosis of diseases or abnormalities is still carried out in hospitals by expert practitioners, there is a modern trend of non-invasive, unobtrusive and long-lasting patient's monitoring outside the clinical environment. This trend has surfaced over the last few years and led to the development of a number of non-invasive monitoring devices (i.e., [2,3]), which can also be personal or home-based. This is particularly true for ECG and EEG (i.e., heart and cardiovascular disease monitoring and Brain Computer Interface).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Problems in Assessment of Novel Biopotential Front-End with Dry Electrode: A Brief Review

et al. 2014

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Developers of novel or improved front-end circuits for biopotential recordings using dry electrodes face the challenge of validating their design. Dry electrodes allow more user-friendly and pervasive patient-monitoring, but proof is required that new devices can perform biopotential recording with a quality at least comparable to existing medical devices. Aside from electrical safety requirement recommended by standards and concise circuit requirement, there is not yet a complete validation procedure able to demonstrate improved or even equivalent performance of the new devices. This short review discusses the validation procedures presented in recent, landmark literature and offers interesting issues and hints for a more complete assessment of novel biopotential front-end

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“…To address these limitations of "wet" electrodes, some researchers have been exploring "dry" electrodes, which do not need to use gel and skin cleaning [8][9][10][11]. The main disadvantage of existing dry electrodes is that the acquired EEG signals are worse than those acquired with conventional electrodes due to the increase of contact impedance [12]. Some companies (such as Quasar, Emotiv Systems Inc., and NeuroSky Inc.) have been commercializing acquisition systems based on dry electrodes [13,14].…”

Section: Eeg Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brainwave Controlled Robot Using Bluetooth

Rames¹,

Krishna²,

Chaitanya³

2014

IJAREEIE

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ABSTRACT:This paper describes about a brain controlled robot based on Brain-computer interfaces (BCI). BCIs are systems that can bypass conventional channels of communication (i.e., muscles and thoughts) to provide direct communication and control between the human brain and physical devices by translating different patterns of brain activity into commands in real time. With these commands a mobile robot can be controlled. Here the robot is selfcontrolled with the ultrasonic sensor. The intention of the project work is to develop a robot that can assist the disabled people in their daily life to do some work independent on others. Here, we are analysing the brain wave signals. Human brain consists of millions of interconnected neurons.

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Non-invasive Electronic Biosensor Circuits and Systems

Cited by 10 publications

References 43 publications

On the “Zero of Potential of the Electric Field Produced by the Heart Beat”. A Machine Capable of Estimating this Underlying Persistent Error in Electrocardiography

On the “Zero of Potential of the Electric Field Produced by the Heart Beat”. A Machine Capable of Estimating this Underlying Persistent Error in Electrocardiography

Problems in Assessment of Novel Biopotential Front-End with Dry Electrode: A Brief Review

Brainwave Controlled Robot Using Bluetooth

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