Non-native glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase can be an intrinsic component of amyloid structures

YajL, the Prokaryotic Homolog of the Parkinsonism-Associated Protein DJ-1, Protects Cells against Protein Sulfenylation

“…Many of them (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, peroxidases, FeS proteins) possess a reactive cysteine in the thiolate form (P-S -), which is particularly susceptible to sulfenic acid formation. 39 Our experiments show that YajL forms mixed disulfides with sulfenylated proteins and consequently protects them against the formation of higher oxidation states. Glutathione and dihydrolipoic acid, but not thioredoxin (frequently involved in reducing protein disulfides 40 ), could reduce the mixed YajL-BSA disulfides.…”

Oxidatively Modified Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and Alzheimer's Disease: Many Pathways to Neurodegeneration

“…Furthermore, a direct interaction between GAPDH and AβPP has been reported, in which rat brain monomeric GAPDH interacted with the cytoplasmic C-terminal domain of recombinant AβPP, while maintaining its glycolytic activity [36]. Later studies confirmed that brain-derived GAPDH also could bind a variety of Aβ isoforms, displaying greatest affinity for Aβ(1-42) [101, 102, 219]. …”

A Direct Interaction Between Mitochondrial Proteins and Amyloid-β Peptide and its Significance for the Progression and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

“…The direct interaction between GAPDH and Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42, both monomeric and fibrillary, was observed in several studies [190][191][192], although in one particular study this interaction was observed only for a denaturated form of GAPDH and soluble Aβ [188]. However, the consequences of this interaction on the enzyme's functions remain unclear.…”

“…The recently performed metaanalyses of genetic association studies found 13 genes that play a significant role in AD and among them GAPDH [187]. On the biochemical level, increased expression together with decreased activity of GAPDH was observed in AD and denaturated GAPDH was found to be incorporated in Aβ and tau aggregates [188]. In connection with AD, another interesting protein-protein interaction was observed between GAPDH and VDAC, a protein residing in the OMM and participating in mPTP opening (described earlier in the review).…”