Non-Newtonian Viscosity Modeling of Crude Oils—Comparison Among Models

Ramírez-González, Patsy V.; Aguayo, Juan Pablo; Quiñones-Cisneros, Sergio E.; Deiters, Ulrich K.

doi:10.1007/s10765-009-0578-2

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Under typical circumstances, petroleum fluids might behave as Newtonian fluids, but in the case of heavy oils, these tend to behave as non-Newtonian fluids. 4 Viscosity data for heavy oils, such as Canadian heavy oil and bitumen, 2,5,6 Mexican heavy oil, 7−9 or others, 10,11 are easily found in the literature. Although not as extensive, some rheological behavior of heavy crude oils has also been reported by different authors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this sense, the knowledge of the rheological properties is essential for the economically viable production of these non-conventional resources. Under typical circumstances, petroleum fluids might behave as Newtonian fluids, but in the case of heavy oils, these tend to behave as non-Newtonian fluids . Viscosity data for heavy oils, such as Canadian heavy oil and bitumen, ,, Mexican heavy oil, − or others, , are easily found in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rheological Behavior from Light to Heavy Oils: Construction of Master Curves

Ramírez-González

2016

Energy Fuels

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In this work, the rheological behavior of heavy and light stabilized (dead) oils is presented. The viscosity measurements were carried out in two different apparatuses to ensure the repetitiveness and accuracy: a Stabinger viscometer and an Ares G2 strain-controlled rheometer. The samples were previously conditioned with an established methodology. For heavy oils, shear thinning was observed. The zero shear viscosity appears to correlate with the American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity for the case of light oils. However, for heavy oils, the viscosity definitively does not correlate with the API gravity. For example, the viscosity of fluids with an API gravity of around 12° may differ up to a full order of magnitude because of differences in the molecular structure. Saturate, aromatic, resin, and asphaltene analysis is also reported. Viscosity master curves were used to characterize oils. They were produced by applying the time–temperature superposition principle to the isothermal shear rate sweeps. The Williams, Landel, and Ferry equation was used to correlate the shift factor with the temperature. Rheological curves for all of the oils were quite reproduced with this method in all of the operational range.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological Behavior from Light to Heavy Oils: Construction of Master Curves

Ramírez-González

2016

Energy Fuels

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“…Although conventional oils mostly behave as Newtonian fluids, heavy and extra-heavy crude oils may exhibit a non-Newtonian behavior. , This means that under different strain rates, as might occur during porous media flow of different capillaries, the crude oil viscosity will change with shear (e.g., shear-thinning of paraffinic oils). Molecular theory simulations , of spherical Lennard-Jones (LJ) chains demonstrate that at equilibrium, the LJ chain fluid may have a significant degree of initial entrapment, this initial equilibrium state is responsible for the higher initial viscosity associated with the first Newtonian plateau.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological Behavior of Heavy and Extra-Heavy Crude Oils at High Pressure

Ramírez-González

Quiñones-Cisneros

2020

Energy Fuels

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The processing, production, and transport of heavy crude oils are big challenges for the petroleum industry. Central to this challenge is the fluid viscosity: the key variable responsible for the oil fluidity throughout the entire production process. From the reservoir to delivery conditions, oils undergo large variations in temperature and pressure, which may cause important phase behavior and physicochemical changes, directly affecting the fluid’s thermophysical properties. In the case of heavy oils, such a broad change of conditions categorically results in several orders of magnitude viscosity span, including the possible Newtonian to non-Newtonian rheological behavior transitions. It is, therefore, of primary importance that heavy oils be rheologically well-characterized to ensure their production process is successful and viable. The viscosities of heavy and extra-heavy crude oils in extreme conditions (high pressure, high to low temperature, high to low shear rate) are, however, difficult for most service laboratories to fully measure directly. Several lapses may occur when measuring the full range of required conditions using traditional rheometers; for example, for such viscous fluids, the development of laminar-flow structural anomalies (eddies) and magnetic decoupling in the high-pressure cell are common practical problems. In an attempt to pragmatically address these problems, in this work, a methodology that may allow for the rheological characterization of heavy and extra-heavy oils within the full field operational range, but based on limited laboratory measurements, is proposed. The proposed approach does not follow from a simple extrapolation but is rather derived from the concept of control-variable shifting. For achieving this, the superposition principle is applied to shear-temperature and shear-pressure reliable measurements to construct master curves to rheologically characterize the fluid within conditions that may be too severe for direct laboratory measurements. This methodology has been successfully applied to a database of 20 Mexican fluids, going from extra-heavy to light fluids. The rheologies of the samples were originally studied using three different types of equipment: (1) a strain-controlled rheometer (for the measurement of the fluid rheology at ambient pressure and different temperatures), (2) a sliding piston viscometer for high-pressure and low-shear-rate viscosity measurements, and (3) a hybrid rheometer coupled with a pressure cell for the estimation of the fluids rheological behavior under pressure and high shear rate. The rheological behavior of crude oils could then be obtained at conditions as severe as the equipment allowed (up to 1000 bar and, in some cases, shear rate up to 1000 s–1). The master curves allowed, however, to extend the rheological characterization of the fluids within conditions that were beyond the laboratory capabilities.

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“…The Ostwald-de Waele powerlaw lubricant model for non-Newtonian fluids was adopted in this simulation. The Ostwald-de Waele relationship [4,5] can be written as:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD Analysis of Non-Newtonian and Non-Isothermal Lubrication of Hydrodynamic Conical Bearing

Czaban

2014

Journal of KONES. Powertrain and Transport

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In this work is shown the result of CFD simulation of hydrodynamic conical bearing lubrication with consideration of non-isothermal oil flow in a bearing lubrication gap and also with assumption, that oil has non-Newtonian properties. The determination of hydrodynamic pressure distribution in bearing gap was carried out by using the commercial CFD software ANSYS Academic Research for fluid flow phenomenon (Fluent). Calculations were performed for bearings without misalignment, i.e. where the cone generating line of bearing shaft is parallel to the cone generating line of bearing sleeve. The Ostwald-de Waele model for non-Newtonian fluids was adopted in this simulation. The coefficients of Ostwald-de Waele relationship were determined by application of the least squares approximation method and fitting curves described by this model to the experimental data, obtained for some motor oils, presented in previous work. The calculated hydrodynamic pressure distributions were compared with the data obtained for corresponding bearings, but assuming that the flow in the bearing lubrication gap is isothermal. Some other simplifying assumptions are: a steady-state operating conditions of a bearing, incompressible flow of lubricating oil, no slip on bearing surfaces, pressure on the side surfaces of bearing gap is equal to atmospheric pressure. This paper presents results for bearings with different rotational speeds and of different bearing gap heights.

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Non-Newtonian Viscosity Modeling of Crude Oils—Comparison Among Models

Cited by 15 publications

References 10 publications

Rheological Behavior from Light to Heavy Oils: Construction of Master Curves

Rheological Behavior from Light to Heavy Oils: Construction of Master Curves

Rheological Behavior of Heavy and Extra-Heavy Crude Oils at High Pressure

CFD Analysis of Non-Newtonian and Non-Isothermal Lubrication of Hydrodynamic Conical Bearing

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