Non-Target and Environmental Hazards of Pesticides

Abstract

When compared with pesticide pollution from other sources and pollution by other agents, the hazards of atmospheric pollution by pesticides appear relatively insignificant. The high persistency in the environment observed especially with the organochlorines suggests that there could be a gradual accumulation of residual pesticides in the atmosphere. Thus, in addition to the function of redistributing pesticides by air currents and aerial drifts, the atmosphere may become a major reservoir for drift prone finely divided particulate pesticides and highly volatile compounds.Indiscriminate aerial spraying should be avoided. A more selective approach should be adopted whereby forest areas are sprayed without contaminating streams, lakes and inland waters. Improvement in spraying devices are needed such that pesticides are more precisely delivered to target. Direct spraying of water bodies should be avoided as much as possible. Treatment of waste water for pesticide removal or neutralization

Competência de peixes como predadores de larvas de Aedes aegypti, em condições de laboratório

“…15 The control of Aedes using chemicals has declined because of the resistance to insecticides that the mosquito has developed 10 and because of the consequences of large-scale use of larvicides and insecticides for the environment. 5 In Brazil, the Ministry of Health, through the Dengue Control Program, has made major efforts to reduce breeding sites and to control the larval and adult forms of Aedes aegypti. In spite of this, it has not managed to prevent the cyclical occurrence of dengue epidemics.…”

A novel nanoparticle loaded with methyl caffeate and caffeic acid phenethyl ester against Ralstonia solanacearum—a plant pathogenic bacteria

“…W 1 represents the amount of drug (mg) encapsulated in the nanoparticle; W 2 represents the total dose (mg) of the input; and W 3 represents the total mass (mg) of the nanoparticle. The standard curve formulas of MC and CAPE are shown in eqn (3) and (4), and the measurement methods were carried out in accordance with an earlier research. 21 MC standard curve line:…”

“…1 Due to the long-term effect of chemical pesticides, the efficiency of pesticide control has weakened. Many pesticide residues have become ubiquitous in the natural environment and are present ranging from nanogram per liter to low milligram per liter concentrations, which can cause serious microbial species balance, 2 soil microenvironment change, 3 and effects on human health. 4 In particular, during the study on the control strategy of bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, which is one of the most harmful soil-borne diseases in the world due to its wide distribution and host range, 5 traditional chemical pesticides and antibiotics have been employed against R. solanacearum despite issues such as limited efficacy, microbial resistance strains, environmental pollution, and potential health risks to human health.…”

Reduced oviposition of Aedes aegypti gravid females in domestic containers with predatory fish

“…In the last 40 years, dengue fever control has mainly been based on the reduction of breeding sites and chemical control focused on adult stages. The latter has become restricted due to emerging resistance of the mosquito against chemical insecticides (Lima 2003) and negative impact of large‐scale insecticide use on the environment (Iyaniwura 1991). Clearly, alternative vector control methods are needed.…”