Nondestructive remote imaging of ferroelectric domain distributions with high three-dimensional resolution

A Review of Domain Modelling and Domain Imaging Techniques in Ferroelectric Crystals

“…Periodically poled domain structure in lithium tantalate (period of domains = 3.5 µm) was observed using SHGM by Kurimura and Uesu [ 116 ]. SHGM has also been used to image ferroelectric domains in TGS [ 117 ], 90° domain walls and domains in barium titanate [ 118 ] and domains walls in potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP), lithium niobate [ 119 ], and in lithium tantalate [ 120 , 121 ]. Recently this technique has been used to estimate the width of the domain walls in lithium tantalate to be less than 10 nm [ 122 ].…”

Three-dimensional ferroelectric domain visualization by Čerenkov-type second harmonic generation

“…The details about when, where and how these processes occur are largely unexplored as this requires accurate three-dimensional (3D) visualization of the inverted domains. So far, only few techniques have been used for 3D observations [20,21,22,23,24,25], and their application was determined by the type of the media [21,22], the thickness of the sample [21], and the presence of the reference plate [25]. Moreover, as all the existing studies were limited to 1D NPS, even less is known about internal domain structure in NPS with 2D periodicity, thus preventing further optimization of the fabrication process, designing more complex structures for advanced applications and finally understanding the origin of defect formation.…”

Domain Structure Analyses of Tetragonal BaTiO3 Single Crystal by Scanning Second-Harmonic Generation Microscopy: Birefringence Effect on Second-Harmonic Generation Polarization Diagram

“…Thus it is sensitive to changes in the symmetry of a sample and the direction and magnitude of P s . [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] On the basis of the above-mentioned fact, we have developed an SHG interference microscope which can distinguish the sign of P s as well. 14,15) Recently, we improved this microscope by introducing the scanning optical system with a focused fundamental beam to improve the spatial resolution and to realize three-dimensional observation, and successfully applied this microscope to observations of inside structures of the periodically inverted domain structures in LiTaO 3 and LiNbO 3 quasi-phase matching devices with the thicknesses of about 682 and 445 m, respectively.…”