Nonequilibrium Nanosystems

Gaspard, Pierre

doi:10.1002/9783527629374.ch1

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…Our approach is formulated in the framework of network theory as applied to steady state systems. − Inspired by the Kirchoff laws, applications of this theory to the performance analysis of chemical reaction networks are well-known in diverse areas such as chemical engineerng and chemical biology, but we are not aware of such work on photovoltaic systems. The starting point is a representation of the system dynamics by a kinetics scheme comprising system states connected by (assumed known) rates, similar in spirit to transport theories based on lattice gas approaches, − that find applications in other contexts, e.g., use a master equation approach to analyze cell dynamics. ,,, In the graph theory approach this kinetic scheme is represented by a graph that comprises nodes (corresponding to states) and edges (representing transitions between states), on which fluxes associated with the nonequilibrium dynamics flow along interconnected linear and cyclical paths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network Analysis of Photovoltaic Energy Conversion

Einax

Nitzan

2014

J. Phys. Chem. C

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Photovoltaic energy conversion in photovoltaic cells has been analyzed by the detailed balance approach or by thermodynamic arguments. Here we introduce a network representation to analyze the performance of such systems once a suitable kinetic model (represented by a master equation in the space of the different system states) has been constructed. Such network representation allows one to decompose the steady state dynamics into cycles, characterized by their cycle affinities. Both the maximum achievable efficiency and the open-circuit voltage of the device are obtained in the zero affinity limit. This method is applied to analyze a microscopic model for a bulk heterojunction organic solar cell that includes the essential optical and interfacial electronic processes that characterize this system, leading to an explicit expression for the theoretical efficiency limit in such systems. In particular, the deviation from Carnot's efficiency associated with the exciton binding energy is quantified.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network Analysis of Photovoltaic Energy Conversion

Einax

Nitzan

2014

J. Phys. Chem. C

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“…The authors of the present paper have previously proved that the symmetry relation (24) has as consequence not only the Onsager reciprocity relations, which only hold in the linear regimes, but also generalizations of these relations that extend to the nonlinear response coefficients [11]- [13], [35]. These generalizations of Onsager reciprocity relations are remarkable, in particular, because they can be used to express the response coefficients in terms of quantities characterizing the diffusivities of the currents and higher cumulants in the regime of nonlinear transport by effusion.…”

Section: Nonlinear Response Coefficientsmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…so that all these tensors are totally symmetric. The fluctuation theorem for the currents (24) has as consequence the following relationships starting from the Onsager reciprocity relations for the linear response coefficients and extending to the nonlinear response coefficients [11]- [13], [35]…”

Section: Nonlinear Response Coefficientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear transport effects in mass separation by effusion

Gaspard¹,

Andrieux²

2011

J. Stat. Mech.

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Generalizations of Onsager reciprocity relations are established for the nonlinear response coefficients of ballistic transport in the effusion of gaseous mixtures. These generalizations, which have been established on the basis of the fluctuation theorem for the currents, are here considered for mass separation by effusion. In this kinetic process, the mean values of the currents depend nonlinearly on the affinities or thermodynamic forces controlling the nonequilibrium constraints. These nonlinear transport effects are shown to play an important role in the process of mass separation. In particular, the entropy efficiency turns out to be significantly larger than it would be the case if the currents were supposed to depend linearly on the affinities. arXiv:1103.5420v1 [cond-mat.stat-mech]

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“…In this paper we formulate this task in the framework of network theory as applied to steady state systems. [40][41][42][43][44][45][46] Inspired by the Kirchoff laws, 47 applications of this theory to the performance analysis of chemical reaction networks are well known in diverse areas such as chemical engineering 48 and chemical biology, 49 but we are not aware of such work on photovoltaic systems. We will limit ourselves to the open circuit (OC), reversible operation limit, leaving dynamic considerations to a subsequent publication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network analysis of the performance of organic photovoltaic cells: The open circuit voltage and the zero current efficiency

Einax,

Nitzan

2014

Preprint

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Photovoltaic energy conversion in photovoltaic cells has been analyzed by the detailed balance approach or by thermodynamic arguments. Here we introduce a network representation to analyze the performance of such systems once a suitable kinetic model (represented by a master equation in the space of the different system states) has been constructed. Such network representation allows one to decompose the steady state dynamics into cycles, characterized by their cycle affinities. The maximum achievable efficiency of the device is obtained in the zero affinity limit. This method is applied to analyze a microscopic model for a bulk heterojunction organic solar cell that includes the essential optical and interfacial electronic processes that characterize this system, leading to an explicit expression for the theoretical efficiency limit in such system. In particular, the deviation from Carnot's efficiency associated with the exciton binding energy is quantified.

show abstract

Nonequilibrium Nanosystems

Cited by 6 publications

References 131 publications

Network Analysis of Photovoltaic Energy Conversion

Network Analysis of Photovoltaic Energy Conversion

Nonlinear transport effects in mass separation by effusion

Network analysis of the performance of organic photovoltaic cells: The open circuit voltage and the zero current efficiency

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