Noninvasive CMOS circuit testing with NbN superconducting single-photon detectors

Zhang, J.; Boiadjieva, N.; Chulkova, G.; Deslandes, Hervé; Gol’tsman, G.; Korneev, A.; Kouminov, P.; Leibowitz, M.; Lo, Wai Hung; Malinsky, R.; Okunev, O.; Pearlman, Aaron; Słysz, W.; Smirnov, K.; Tsao, Cheng‐Han; Verevkin, A.; Voronov, B.; Wilsher, K.; Sobolewski, Roman

doi:10.1049/el:20030710

Cited by 64 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Their low dark count rate, fast response time, small jitter, and high efficiency favour their use in various demanding quantum optics applications such as quantum key distribution, 3 quantum networking, 4 device-independent quantum information processing 5 and deep-space optical communication. 6 Notably, SNSPDs can be integrated into photonic circuits, 7,8 and their applications extend beyond quantum optics, including light detection and ranging, 9 integrated circuit testing, 10 and fiber optic sensing. 11 One recent important advance in the SNSPD field has been the introduction of amorphous superconductors such as tungsten silicide (WSi), 12 molybdenum silicide (MoSi) 13,14 and molybdenum germanium (MoGe).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optically probing the detection mechanism in a molybdenum silicide superconducting nanowire single-photon detector

Caloz

Korzh

Timoney

et al. 2017

Applied Physics Letters

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We experimentally investigate the detection mechanism in a meandered molybdenum silicide (MoSi) superconducting nanowire single-photon detector by characterising the detection probability as a function of bias current in the wavelength range of 750 to 2050 nm. Contrary to some previous observations on niobium nitride (NbN) or tungsten silicide (WSi) detectors, we find that the energycurrent relation is nonlinear in this range. Furthermore, thanks to the presence of a saturated detection efficiency over the whole range of wavelengths, we precisely quantify the shape of the curves. This allows a detailed study of their features, which are indicative of both Fano fluctuations and position-dependent effects.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optically probing the detection mechanism in a molybdenum silicide superconducting nanowire single-photon detector

Caloz

Korzh

Timoney

et al. 2017

Applied Physics Letters

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“…As we have already mentioned in the Introduction, applications of our SSPDs range from NIR free-space and fibre-based QC [19] to testing and debugging very-large-scale-integrated CMOS devices [20,21]. As shown in table 1, a relatively high QE, ultrafast counting speed, very low jitter, low dark counts, and very good NEP characterize these devices.…”

Section: Comparison Of Nbn Sspd With Other Near-ir Single-photon Detementioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafast superconducting single-photon detectors for near-infrared-wavelength quantum communications

Verevkin

Pearlman

Słysz

et al. 2004

Journal of Modern Optics

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The paper reports progress on the design and development of niobium-nitride, superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) for ultrafast counting of near-infrared photons for secure quantum communications. The SSPDs operate in the quantum detection mode, based on photon-induced hotspot formation and subsequent appearance of a transient resistive barrier across an ultrathin and submicron-width superconducting stripe. The devices are fabricated from 3.5 nm thick NbN films and kept at cryogenic (liquid helium) temperatures inside a cryostat. The detector experimental quantum efficiency in the photon-counting mode reaches above 20% in the visible radiation range and up to 10% at the 1.3-1.55 mm infrared range. The dark counts are below 0.01 per second. The measured real-time counting rate is above 2 GHz and is limited by readout electronics (the intrinsic response time is below 30 ps). The SSPD jitter is below 18 ps, and the best-measured value of the noise-equivalent power (NEP) is 2 Â 10 À18 W/Hz 1/2 at 1.3 mm. In terms of photon-counting efficiency and speed, these NbN SSPDs significantly outperform semiconductor avalanche photodiodes and photomultipliers.

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“…Single photon detection [1] is used in a wide range of applications, including fluorescence techniques [2], quantum information processing [3] such as quantum key distribution [4], quantum entanglement experiments [5], free space communications [6], light detection and ranging (LIDAR) [7][8][9], fiber sensing [10] and integrated circuit testing [11] as it has the capability of ultra-low light level sensitivity at picosecond timing resolution. Time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) techniques can be utilized in many of these applications to acquire and analyze the low light level signals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depth imaging at kilometer range using time-correlated single-photon counting at wavelengths of 850 nm and 1560 nm

Buller¹,

McCarthy²,

Ren³

et al. 2012

SPIE Proceedings

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Active depth imaging approaches are being used in a number of emerging applications, for example in environmental sensing, manufacturing and defense. The high sensitivity and picosecond timing resolution of the time-correlated single-photon counting technique can provide distinct advantages in the trade-offs between required illumination power, range, depth resolution and data acquisition durations. These considerations must also address requirements for eye-safety, especially in applications requiring outdoor, kilometer range sensing. We present a scanning time-of-flight imager based on MHz repetition-rate pulsed illumination operating with sub-milliwatt average power. The use of a scanning mechanism permits operation with an individual, highperformance single-photon detector. The system has been used with a number of non-cooperative targets, in different weather conditions and various ambient light conditions. We consider a number of system issues, including the range ambiguity issue and scattering from multiple surfaces. The initial work was performed at wavelengths around 850 nm for convenient use with Si-based single photon avalanche diode detectors, however we will also discuss the performance at a wavelength of 1560 nm, made using superconducting nanowire single photon detectors. The use of the latter wavelength band allows access to a low-loss atmospheric window, as well as greatly reduced solar background contribution and less stringent eye safety considerations. We consider a range of optical design configurations and discuss the performance trade-offs and future directions in more detail.

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Noninvasive CMOS circuit testing with NbN superconducting single-photon detectors

Cited by 64 publications

References 3 publications

Optically probing the detection mechanism in a molybdenum silicide superconducting nanowire single-photon detector

Optically probing the detection mechanism in a molybdenum silicide superconducting nanowire single-photon detector

Ultrafast superconducting single-photon detectors for near-infrared-wavelength quantum communications

Depth imaging at kilometer range using time-correlated single-photon counting at wavelengths of 850 nm and 1560 nm

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