Nonlinear resonance converse magnetoelectric effect modulated by voltage for the symmetrical magnetoelectric laminates under magnetic and thermal loadings

Abstract

Based on the tri-layer symmetrical magnetoelectric laminates, a equivalent circuit for the nonlinear resonance converse magnetoelectric coupling effect is established. Because the nonlinear thermo-magneto-mechanical constitutive equations of magnetostrictive material were introduced, a converse magnetoelectric coefficient model was derived from the equivalent circuit, which can describe the influence of bias electric field, bias magnetic field and ambient temperature on the resonance converse magnetoelectric coupling effect. Especially, the model can well predict the modulation effect of bias electric field/voltage on the magnetism of magnetoelectric composite or the converse magnetoelectric coefficient, which is absolutely vital in applications. Both of the converse magnetoelectric coefficient and the resonance frequency predicted by the model have good agreements with the existing experimental results in qualitatively and quantitatively, and the validity of the model is confirmed. On this basis, according to the model, the nonlinear trends of the resonance converse magnetoelectric effect under different bias voltages, bias magnetic fields and ambient temperatures are predicted. From the results, it can be found that the bias voltage can effectively modulate the curve of the resonance converse magnetoelectric coefficient versus bias magnetic field, and then change the corresponding optimal bias magnetic field of the maximum converse magnetoelectric coefficient; with the increasing volume ratio of piezoelectric layers, the modulation effect of bias voltage becomes more obvious; under different bias magnetic fields, the modulation effect of bias voltage on the converse magnetoelectric effect has nonvolatility in a wide temperature region.

Theoretical analyses of magnetoelectric effects for magnetostrictive/radial mode piezoelectric transformer composite under dual ac stress and magnetic field modulation

“…where V pout denotes the output voltage of the radial vibration mode piezoelectric transformer. Additionally, considering the imperfect interface between the magnetostrictive layers, the average strain of magnetostrictive layers is expressed as a function of phase velocities [22]:…”

“…Considering the dissipation in the laminate [38], the total mechanical impedance Z = 1 2 Z 1 + Z 2 is approximated as a series RLC circuit (i.e. the inset of figure 2(b)) at the average resonant frequency ω s = πv l [22]. The effective current u1 − u2 in the circuit can be derived according to equation (31) and equivalent circuit of figure 2(b) [37]:…”

“…Latter Zheng et al [21] proposed a nonlinear constitutive model for the magnetostrictive materials based on elastic Gibb's free energy density function. By combining the nonlinear constitutive model with the equivalent circuit, Zhou et al [22] reported the nonlinear behavior of the CME effect in the tri-layer ME composite and studied the influence of pre-stress and ambient temperature. Yu et al [23] compared the ME laminate including PZT to that including PMN-PT both experimentally and theoretically, and then discussed the effects of mechanical quality factor loss, volume ratio, and saturation magnetostrictive coefficient on the ME response.…”

“…The novelty and contribution of this study are as following: on one hand, a new nonlinear theoretical model based on ME equivalent circuit is proposed to predict the resonant ME effects of electrically modulated ME composite under either dual ac stress and magnetic field drive or single drive. For comparison, all of the previous theoretical models [21][22][23][24] could not characterize the dynamic magnetization variation of ME composite under dual ac stress and magnetic field H ac modulation, which also ignored the analysis of corresponding dc and low frequency magnetic field detection performance. Such theoretical researches are important to guide the design of electrically modulated wide bandwidth ME composite for the dc and low-frequency magnetic field detection [13].…”

Magnetoelectric doubling and mixing of electric and magnetic field frequencies in a layered multiferroic heterostructure

“…Only an addition of frequency spectra for simultaneous excitation by magnetic and electric fields in a structure containing FM and PE films on a PE substrate [23], a modulation of the magnetic field generated by the electric field in the structure containing an FM film and two PE films on the silicon substrate [24,25], 3 and mixing of magnetic field and electric fields in the structure containing a FM layer sandwiched between two PE layers [26] were observed. A possibility of manipulating the characteristics of the converse ME effect using a static electric field was also demonstrated [27].…”