Norepinephrine and cardiovascular responses to maximal exercise in Parkinson's disease on and off medication

DiFrancisco‐Donoghue, Joanne; Elokda, Ahmed; Lamberg, Eric M.; Bono, N. Del; Werner, William G.

doi:10.1002/mds.22612

Cited by 53 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The authors comment that it may be difficult to attain an exercise intensity high enough to trigger ROS in order to show changes in the antioxidant defense system. In our most recent experiment, subjects with PD, both on and off medication, exercised to the same peak VO 2 as our healthy controls demonstrating that this population is capable of attaining the same intensity as healthy peers [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Effects of exercise induced oxidative stress on glutathione levels in Parkinson’s disease on and off medication

et al. 2010

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Resting plasma glutathione (GSH) levels are lower in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) than any other neurological condition. Medications used to treat PD have also been shown to further decrease this depletion. Acute exercise has been shown to be an effective tool to produce oxidative stress in other populations as reflected in lowering levels of GSH. The purpose of this study was to determine how PD responds to acute exercise stress and how medication affects these responses. Fourteen men with PD and 14 men without PD underwent an exercise stress test. Subjects with PD performed the test once off PD medication (PD-Off-med) for 12 h then again 1 week later on PD medication (PD-On-med). GSH and glutathione disulfide (GSSG), were collected via blood draws at rest and after peak exercise along with peak VO(2). At rest and at peak exercise GSH levels and the GSH:GSSG ratio were significantly lower in the PD-On-med and PD-Off-med as compared to controls. GSSG levels were significantly higher in both medication conditions at rest and peak exercise compared to controls. When comparing PD-On-med vs. PD-Off-med at rest and peak exercise, the PD-On-med had lower GSH levels, a lower GSH:GSSG ratio and higher GSSG levels. VO(2) correlated positively with GSH levels. Subjects with PD have lower plasma GSH levels than healthy controls at rest and at peak exercise.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Effects of exercise induced oxidative stress on glutathione levels in Parkinson’s disease on and off medication

et al. 2010

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“…In the few previous studies that have examined the hemodynamic responses to exercise in Parkinson's, the blood pressure responses to maximal exercise were reduced [6,7,8] and the pressor responses to sub-maximal exercise were preserved in Parkinson's patients [9,11]. In the former studies the integrity of autonomic function of the patients was not reported and the reduced blood pressure response may have been a result of the lower aerobic capacity and peak power output achieved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The blood pressure responses to e er ise i Parki so 's disease ha e ee s ar el i estigated ho e er. The few previous studies that have been conducted have shown that the pressor response to maximal exercise is blunted and that aerobic capacity is reduced in Parki so 's patients [6,7,8]. The integrity of the autonomic nervous system in those studies was not reported however, thus it was unclear if the reduced pressor response in those patients was due to autonomic dysfunction and/or another mechanism(s).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Exercise hemodynamics in Parkinson's disease and autonomic dysfunction

Low

Vichayanrat

Iodice

2014

Parkinsonism & Related Disorders

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ArticleLJMU has developed LJMU Research Online for users to access the research output of the University more effectively. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LJMU Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain.The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of the record. Please see the repository URL above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. ResultsGroup mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) fell during pre-exercise standing (-39±29 mmHg, P<0.001, 17 patients had orthostatic hypotension (OH)), while heart rate (HR) increased (+13±7 beats.min-1, P<0.001). SBP (P<0.001) increased during exercise with a wide variation in responses. SBP increased in 13 patients (INC; +30±14 mmHg) and either did not change or decreased in 10 patients (DEC -12±11 mmHg, P<0.001 vs INC). The increase in HR was not different between sub-groups (30±12 vs 25±10 beats.min-1, INC vs. DEC, P=0.29). The size of the pre-exercise stand SBP reduction was greater in DEC vs INC (-64±23 (10 out of 10 had OH) vs -19±16 mmHg (7 out of 13 had OH), respectively, P<0.001). The HR elevation was not different between sub-groups (13±8 vs 13±4 beats.min-1, DEC vs INC, P=0.94). Post-exercise SBP/DBP were lower for both sub-groups compared to pre-exercise and the standing SBP reduction post-exercise was not greater relative to pre-exercise in either sub-group. ConclusionExercise-induced hypotension can occur in Parkinson's disease patients with autonomic failure with the magnitude of the exercise response being related to the severity of autonomic dysfunction. Exercise does not appear to worsen OH in this sample of Parkinson's patients.

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“…Sessions consisted of 20 min of aerobic training either using a treadmill (Cybex, Landice 8700, Medway, Mass., USA) or a Stairmaster 4000PT (Brooklyn, N.Y., USA). Exercise intensity was monitored to maintain a heart rate consistent with 60-70% of max VO 2 (as determined by the exercise stress test) [21,22] . Weight training consisted of 5 Cybex resistance exercise machines: leg extension, leg curl, leg press, arm curl, and chest fly.…”

Section: Vitamin Supplementation Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The combination of aerobic exercise and strength training has been shown to be optimal for increasing GSH in the obese and in healthy older adults [19,20] . In individuals with PD, exercise has also been strongly recommended for reasons not directly related to reducing oxidative stress (mobility, functional performance, cardiovascular and respiratory complications) [4,[21][22][23] . The impact of exercise on homocysteine and GSH levels in PD has never been examined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Exercise and B Vitamins on Homocysteine and Glutathione in Parkinson’s Disease: A Randomized Trial

DiFrancisco‐Donoghue¹,

Lamberg²,

Rabin³

et al. 2012

Neurodegener Dis

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Background: Individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have decreased glutathione levels and elevated homocysteine levels. These substances are considered markers of health, and an inverse relationship has been suggested through the transsulfuration pathway. This experiment tested the effects of exercise and B vitamin supplementation on homocysteine and glutathione levels, and if a relationship was present between these two markers in those with PD. Secondary aims included examining the impact of the interventions on aerobic efficiency and strength. Methods: Thirty-six subjects were randomly assigned to 4 groups. The Vit group received vitamins B₆, B₁₂ and folic acid daily for 6 weeks. The Ex group received aerobic and strength training twice weekly for 6 weeks. The Vit + Ex group received both interventions. A control group received no intervention. Subjects were tested prior to and after intervention on the following measures: glutathione and homocysteine levels, strength measures and oxygen consumption. Results: Subjects who received 6 weeks of B vitamin supplementation had lowered homocysteine levels. Subjects who received 6 weeks of exercise training had increased glutathione levels, strength and aerobic capacity. The combination of vitamin and exercise did not yield greater changes than the separate intervention. The control subjects did not change on any measures. Conclusion: Positive results were realized with each intervention; however, the expected relationship between glutathione and homocysteine was not found in this sample of subjects with PD. Homocysteine and glutathione levels can be improved independently in individuals with PD with exercise or vitamins B₆, B₁₂ and folic acid supplementation.

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Norepinephrine and cardiovascular responses to maximal exercise in Parkinson's disease on and off medication

Cited by 53 publications

References 20 publications

Effects of exercise induced oxidative stress on glutathione levels in Parkinson’s disease on and off medication

Effects of exercise induced oxidative stress on glutathione levels in Parkinson’s disease on and off medication

Exercise hemodynamics in Parkinson's disease and autonomic dysfunction

Effects of Exercise and B Vitamins on Homocysteine and Glutathione in Parkinson’s Disease: A Randomized Trial

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