Norethynodrel With Mestranol in Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Gilbert, Myron; Rötstein, Jerome; Cunningham, Calvin; Estrin, Irving; Davidson, Allen; Pincus, Gregory

doi:10.1001/jama.1964.03070160059013

Cited by 38 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Our findings support previous reports of a negative association between the development of severe (versus mild) RA and OC use (4-6). Our findings are also in accordance with observations from clinical trials that female sex hormones had a beneficial effect on RA symptoms (12)(13)(14). OC use around the time of symptom onset (at baseline) was associated with a greater benefit than OC use before symptom onset.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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The relationship between oral contraceptive use and functional outcome in women with recent‐onset inflammatory polyarthritis: Results from the Norfolk Arthritis Register

Camacho¹,

Farragher²,

Verstappen³

et al. 2011

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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Objective. Use of oral contraceptives (OCs) may prevent the development of rheumatoid arthritis, but the influence of OC use on disease outcome is unresolved. The purpose of this study was to examine functional outcome and OC use in women with inflammatory polyarthritis (IP).Methods. The Norfolk Arthritis Register (NOAR) is an inception cohort of patients with recent-onset IP. We studied patient-reported history of OC use in 663 women who were born after 1945 and who had not used OCs during followup. OC use during followup was additionally investigated in 265 women who were <50 years old and had not undergone menopause or hysterectomy during followup. All patients were recruited to the NOAR between 1990 and 2004. Functional ability was assessed using the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), with adjustment for age at symptom onset.Results. The median followup was 4.9 years. In the investigation analyzing OC use before symptom onset, patients who had used OCs before symptom onset had lower HAQ scores throughout followup than patients who had not taken OCs before symptom onset (difference in score at 5-year followup ؊0.35; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] ؊0.51, ؊0.19). Patients who were taking OCs at baseline had lower HAQ scores over time than women who were not taking OCs at baseline but had previously done so (mean difference ؊0.21; 95% CI ؊0.40, ؊0.02). In the investigation analyzing OC use during followup, OC use during followup was associated with lower HAQ scores over time than no OC use during followup (mean difference ؊0.06; 95% CI ؊0.16, 0.03); however, this was only significant for women with moderate or severe functional disability at the previous assessment (mean difference ؊0.23; 95% CI ؊0.40, ؊0.07). Further adjustment for potential confounders and exclusion of hormone replacement therapy users had little impact.Conclusion. OC use is generally associated with a beneficial functional outcome in IP, and use before and at symptom onset appeared to have the most consistent benefit.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…These studies have demonstrated a possible positive effect of these hormones on symptoms in women with RA (12)(13)(14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

The relationship between oral contraceptive use and functional outcome in women with recent‐onset inflammatory polyarthritis: Results from the Norfolk Arthritis Register

Camacho¹,

Farragher²,

Verstappen³

et al. 2011

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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“…Although women are more likely to be victimized by autoimmune diseases, are more likely to exhibit hormonal profiles that are associated with autoimmune diseases, and show immunologic profiles that could be involved in the pathogenesis of these illnesses, the precise mechanisms underlying differences in morbidity are not known. Epidemiological studies indicate that the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis is halved in women using oral contraceptives containing estrogen and progestin and that severity of disease is affected by oral contraceptive use (e.g., Blais & Demers, 1962; Gilbert et al., 1964; Vandenbrouke et al, 1982). This finding suggests that sex-linked hormonal and immunological patterns are involved.…”

Section: Gender and Physiological Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender, stress, and health.

Baum¹,

Grunberg²

1991

Health Psychology

104

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Gender differences in overall tobacco use clearly exist. In general, men are more likely to use tobacco products than are women. However, this simple generalization, ignoring type of tobacco products, time, and culture, masks many more interesting gender differences in tobacco use. There are pronounced gender differences in tobacco use of specific tobacco products within some cultures but not others. Yet these differences have changed across time, including narrowing and widening of this gender gap, depending on culture and tobacco product. This article addresses these issues and presents possible psychosocial, biological, and psychobiological explanations for these phenomena. In addition, the implications of these differences and ways to learn more about these important differences are discussed.

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“…Early trials on sex hormones in RA in the 1930s were hopeful [28][29][30], while subsequent report in the 1960s using a progestogen with some estrogenic properties revealed unequivocal results [31].…”

Section: The Effects Of Treatment With Sex Hormones On Disease Activimentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormone Replacement Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Carlsten¹

2006

CRR

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common inflammatory rheumatic disease affecting 2-3 times more women as compared to men. The peak incidence of RA in women coincides with the years around menopause when the production of estradiol (E2) and progesterone diminishes. The course of RA is also influenced by hormonal changes. The condition often ameliorates during pregnancy followed by flares after delivery. Animal studies have revealed distinct beneficial effects on arthritis by E2. Studies of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal RA have disclosed improvement in bone mineral density (BMD) and recently also beneficial effects on disease activity was found. However, in view of side effects by conventional HRT, its use has to be individualized for any given patient and there is a need for new therapeutic agents selectively inducing potent anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory effects, but without the adverse effects associated with HRT. This review will discuss: -Hormonal factors and gender associated with RA.Sex hormones and the influence on the immune system and bone.-The effects of treatment with sex hormones on disease activity in RA.-The effects of HRT on BMD and bone and cartilage turnover in RA.

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Norethynodrel With Mestranol in Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Cited by 38 publications

References 0 publications

The relationship between oral contraceptive use and functional outcome in women with recent‐onset inflammatory polyarthritis: Results from the Norfolk Arthritis Register

The relationship between oral contraceptive use and functional outcome in women with recent‐onset inflammatory polyarthritis: Results from the Norfolk Arthritis Register

Gender, stress, and health.

Hormone Replacement Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis

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