Normas sociales e intención emprendedora en investigadores universitarios en Colombia

Abstract

Las Normas Sociales o Subjetivas (NS), pueden definirse como las pautas que buscan moldear la conducta de las personas dentro de la sociedad a partir de las diferentes creencias y costumbres de los distintos grupos que la conforman. Por lo general, las NS no están escritas, pero son conocidas por las personas. La Intención Emprendedora (IE), por su parte, es un paso previo a la creación de una empresa que no siempre se concreta en el montaje de nuevos negocios. Los objetivos de este trabajo son: hallar asociaciones entre las NS y las demás variables analizadas, e identificar las NS que determinan la IE entre los investigadores universitarios en Colombia. La investigación es de tipo descriptivo y correlacional, y tiene un diseño no experimental y transversal. Se toma una muestra aleatoria estratificada de los evaluadores pares del Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación de Colombia (Colciencias), en las áreas de ciencias, tecnología, ingeniería y matemáticas. Los resultados muestran que las NS sí determinan la IE de los investigadores universitarios y que éstas se relacionan con pautas que moldean su comportamiento en tres vertientes: a) la imagen positiva del empresario a partir de valores como su dedicación al trabajo y su autonomía, b) la motivación social para ser empresario en vez de ser empleado, y c) la admiración por el empresario y el dinero como elementos secundarios que motivan la IE.

Student entrepreneurship and perceptions on social norms and university environment: evidence from a developing country

“…Through the strong relationship found between the constructs SN and UE, it can be assessed that the greater the family and friends' support (Ajzen, 1991;Carr and Sequeira, 2007;Zellweger et al, 2011;Williams et al, 2013), the contact with the entrepreneur network (Krueger et al, 2000) and the contact with mentors (Ajzen, 1991), all of them encouraging entrepreneurship, the greater is the importance the student gives to the UE in terms of support to entrepreneurship. Our findings can be added to another analysis with similar results, also with a sample of emerging economies (Tarapuez-Chamorro et al, 2020). Such results state that SN determines EI for university researchers.…”

Environmental Sensitivity to Form a Sustainable Entrepreneurial Intention

“…There is a strong need to prepare future entrepreneurs by creating a new generation of people with a mature mindset and who are oriented to consider complex ways to manage organizations, create richness, and be important pillars of socio-economic systems, but who also consider entrepreneurial activity as being situated in an inter-dependent system in which there are negative consequences for economic action that only serves the goal of earning [30]. The choice to commence entrepreneurial activity recalls the etymological meaning of "undertake", which comes from the French verb "entreprend" [43] and refers to a significant risk that an entrepreneur must accept to pursue an opportunity in an unpredictable world [2,44,45] while also considering that economic and organizational management are not controlled by a rational process and that entrepreneurial activity also involves a psychosocial function that encompasses attitudes, risk-aversion, and organizational culture [20,21,42,[46][47][48][49]. In this case, universities are important institutions that grant students and future entrepreneurs the opportunity to develop a better understanding of management processes as well as the importance of the Third Mission.…”

“…In this case, universities are important institutions that grant students and future entrepreneurs the opportunity to develop a better understanding of management processes as well as the importance of the Third Mission. Universities are also dedicated to the development of important contributions to practical and economic activities [15,23,46,[50][51][52], offering different definitions of sustainability. Authors can define sustainability according to an environmental point of view, and may consider it as an approach oriented towards the preservation of the world's natural and physical resources, and controlling the human intervention involved in the exploitation of the world [3,6,16,53], or authors can use a broad definition that also encompasses the importance of social cohesion and equality, and that considers a balance between gender roles [54][55][56].…”