North Pacific seasonality and the glaciation of North America 2.7 million years ago

Haug, Gerald H.; Ganopolski, Andrey; Sigman, Daniel M.; Rosell‐Melé, Antoni; Swann, George E. A.; Tiedemann, Ralf; Jaccard, Samuel L.; Bollmann, Jörg; Maslin, Mark; Leng, Melanie J.; Eglinton, G.

doi:10.1038/nature03332

Cited by 357 publications

(317 citation statements)

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“…Here, the signal provided by %C 37:4 records a slightly different scenario because of the oceanographic regime below which Site 882 was drilled. The stable and stratified water column that characterizes the region at the present day had already developed in association with the onset of Northern Hemisphere glaciation, circa 2.7 Ma [Haug et al, 2005]. Unlike the North Atlantic site, Site 882 sits within subarctic waters and is not affected by latitudinal migrations of frontal systems over the site.…”

Section: Implications For Ice Sheet Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the Arctic Front that divides Atlantic and Arctic waters presently lies to the north of Site 983, it is known to have migrated southward during glacials of the Pleistocene bringing much cooler waters and potentially also sea ice to the site [e.g., Bard et al, 1987;Rosell-Melé et al, 1998;Wright and Flower, 2002]. In contrast, sea ice does not appear to have reached Site 882 over the Pliocene and Pleistocene; rather, glacials are associated with increasing polar stratification [Haug et al, 2005[Haug et al, , 1999Jaccard et al, 2005]. We monitor the extent of cool and fresh arctic and polar waters using the concentration of the tetra-unsaturated alkenone, C 37:4 [Bendle and Rosell-Melé, 2004;Bendle et al, 2005;Rosell-Melé, 1998;Rosell-Melé et al, 1994].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the basis of the modeling results, it has been proposed that more extensive sea ice cover during the mid-Pleistocene could account for the regulation and emergence of the 100 ka cycles, described as a ''sea ice switch'' mechanism [Gildor and Tziperman, 2001;Tziperman and Gildor, 2003]. In fact, relatively restricted Atlantic sea ice cover may have been important for maintaining moisture supplies to the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets during glacial inceptions [e.g., McManus et al, 2002;Ruddiman and McIntyre, 1979;Ruddiman et al, 1980], and the persistence of warmer surface waters into autumn in the North Pacific as a result of increased stratification has been linked to the intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation at 2.7 Ma [Haug et al, 2005].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expansion of subarctic water masses in the North Atlantic and Pacific oceans and implications for mid‐Pleistocene ice sheet growth

et al. 2008

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[1] Past surface ocean circulation changes associated with the mid-Pleistocene transition, 0.9-0.6 Ma, were reconstructed in the northern North Atlantic (ODP 983) and the northwest Pacific (ODP 882), using proxies for subarctic/subpolar water mass distributions (%C 37:4 alkenone) and sea surface temperature (U 37 K ). Both sites experienced a secular expansion of subarctic waters from $1.15 Ma, spanning both glacial and interglacial intervals. After 0.9 Ma, low %C 37:4 at Site 983 records a northward retreat of subarctic waters during interglacials in the Atlantic, while continued high glacial %C 37:4 indicate extensive subarctic waters during glacial maxima associated with the development of the larger late Pleistocene ice sheets. In contrast, a secular decline in %C 37:4 occurred at Site 882 from 0.9 to 0.5 Ma, marking a more gradual retreat of subarctic conditions in the Pacific. It is proposed that the expansion of subarctic waters between 1.15 and 0.9 Ma exerted negative feedbacks to the moisture supply to the ice sheet source regions and may account for the apparent delayed ice sheet response to atmosphere-ocean circulation changes associated with the mid-Pleistocene transition that began as early as 1.2 Ma.

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Section: Implications For Ice Sheet Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expansion of subarctic water masses in the North Atlantic and Pacific oceans and implications for mid‐Pleistocene ice sheet growth

et al. 2008

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“…This change has been linked to the onset of permanent water-column stratification in response to the development of a steep vertical gradient in salinity (i.e. a halocline), which was inferred from various proxies for plankton productivity and nutrient utilization in the surface waters, for example, an increase of nitrogen-isotope (δ 15 N) ratios (Haug et al, 1999(Haug et al, , 2005Swann et al, 2006). A late Pliocene increase Hillenbrand et al, 2002 of stratification in the Southern Ocean was proposed on the basis of a prominent MAR Opal decline observed at ODP Leg 178 Site 1096, which was drilled on the Pacific continental margin of the Antarctic Peninsula ( Fig.…”

Section: The Late Pliocene Cooling Stepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polar stratification: A critical view from the Southern Ocean

Hillenbrand

Cortese

2006

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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Oceanic stratification represents an effective mechanism to reduce vertical mixing of the water column, thereby locking up carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in the deep sea and preventing air-sea exchange of CO 2 . It has been proposed that enhanced stratification of the upper water column in polar oceans during late Cenozoic cooling episodes limited the upwelling of CO 2 -rich deep waters and thus CO 2 -release to the atmosphere, resulting in a net global drawdown of atmospheric CO 2 . Increased stratification in the Subarctic Northwest Pacific, during both the onset of Northern Hemisphere glaciation at 2.73 Ma and late Quaternary glacial periods, has been recently linked to enhanced ocean stratification south of the Antarctic Polar Front (APF) in the Pacific and Atlantic sectors of the Southern Ocean. Increased stratification of Southern Ocean surface waters was mainly deduced from a reduction of biological production during these cooling episodes, manifested by the decrease of geochemical proxies for productivity, such as biogenic opal and barium, in the marine sediment records. However, the records chosen from the Southern Ocean do not provide evidence for a more stratified upper water column, rather the observed decrease in biological productivity is likely to have resulted from an expansion of annual sea-ice coverage. The sediment records suggest that south of the APF in the Pacific and Atlantic sectors of the Southern Ocean, extensive sea ice may have contributed to the global CO 2 -drawdown during glacial periods, with hypothetical glacial increase of stratification in today's permanent open-ocean zone merely being an "add on" caused by this expansion.

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“…2001; Haug et al. 2005). The various climate proxies has showed distinct cooling events associated with the late Pliocene transit (LPT, 2.5–3 Ma), for example intra‐tooth isotopic patterns of mammalian tooth enamel from the northeastern margin of the QTP revealed significant changes in the seasonal patterns of diet and climate after ~2–3 Ma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative phylogeography and evolutionary history of schizothoracine fishes in the Changtang Plateau and their implications for the lake level and Pleistocene climate fluctuations

Chen

Liu

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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The water level oscillation of endorheic lakes and extent change of glaciers associated with the Asian monsoon are known as prominent representatives of climatic and environmental events in the Tibetan Plateau during the Quaternary. However, details process in spatial and temporal changes are still debated. We use the schizothoracines as a palaeoclimatic proxy to test two hypotheses concerning the evolution of Quaternary glaciations and lakes of the Changtang Plateau: (1) the Tibetan glaciations generally tended to decrease since the middle Pleistocene; (2) the lakes expansion was driven by summer monsoon rainfall. Based on a wide range‐wide sampling throughout in the Changtang Plateau and its adjacent drainages, we constructed phylogeny and demographic histories of schizothoracines in the Changtang Plateau. Our results showed that the populations of the exorheic rivers and lakes in southern Tibet possessed higher genetic variability, earlier coalescent and expansion times than those of the endorheic lakes in the Changtang Plateau. Population expansions are highly consistent with phases of strong summer monsoon and high lake level during interglacial stages. The maximum growth rate intervals showed three pulses from 64.7 to 54.8, 39.6 to 31.0, and 14.9 to 2.4 kya respectively. The significant positive correlations were found between regional precipitation and genetic diversity, as well as coalescence time of populations in the endorheic lakes. We suggested that the demographic history of the schizothoracines reflects the spatial and temporal changes in climate and lake level, in particular, in regional precipitation gradients associated with changes of the South Asian monsoon, and supports the climatic hypothesis of a general diminishing tend in Tibetan glaciations in the Tibetan Plateau since the middle Pleistocene.

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North Pacific seasonality and the glaciation of North America 2.7 million years ago

Cited by 357 publications

References 31 publications

Expansion of subarctic water masses in the North Atlantic and Pacific oceans and implications for mid‐Pleistocene ice sheet growth

Expansion of subarctic water masses in the North Atlantic and Pacific oceans and implications for mid‐Pleistocene ice sheet growth

Polar stratification: A critical view from the Southern Ocean

Comparative phylogeography and evolutionary history of schizothoracine fishes in the Changtang Plateau and their implications for the lake level and Pleistocene climate fluctuations

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