Northern Power Systems WindPACT Drive Train Alternative Design Study Report; Period of Performance: April 12, 2001 to January 31, 2005

Bywaters, G.; Lynch, Jerome P.; Mattila, P.; Norton, G.E.; Stowell, J.; Sałata, Marcin; Labath, O.; Chertok, Allan; Hablanian, David A.

doi:10.2172/15007774

Cited by 43 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 0 publications

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“…The four designs covered in this model include a three-stage planetary/helical gearbox with highspeed generator, single-stage drive with medium-speed generator, a multi-path drive with multiple generators, and a direct drive with no gearbox. The primary source for informatio the three-stage planetary/helical is the WindPACT rotor study, with costs adjusted from additional information in the two WindPACT advanced drivetrain studies [7,8]. Data fo remaining three design types come primarily from the drivetrain studies and are adjusted for da from industry and LWST reports, where available.…”

Section: Bladesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number used in this model is based on a cost kWh of production making it highly variable with wind class and machine performance. This cost was proposed for the LWST Project and defined in the report on pathways analysis [8]. While the use of a cost kWh appears inappropriate in the long run, this number is currently frozen at $0.00108/kWh until better information is available.…”

Section: Land Lease Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wind Turbine Design Cost and Scaling Model

Fingersh¹,

Hand²,

Laxson³

2006

430

495

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Section: Bladesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Land Lease Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind Turbine Design Cost and Scaling Model

Fingersh¹,

Hand²,

Laxson³

2006

430

495

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“…Advanced drivetrain designs, reduced loads via improved controls, and condition monitoring (Bywaters et al 2005) Enhanced drivetrain reliability and reduced drivetrain costs…”

Section: Drivetrain Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

IEA Wind Task 26: The Past and Future Cost of Wind Energy, Work Package 2

Lantz¹,

Wiser²,

Hand³

2012

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Executive SummaryOver the past 30 years, wind power has become a mainstream source of electricity generation around the world. However, the future of wind power will depend a great deal on the ability of the industry to continue to achieve cost of energy reductions. This summary report, developed as part of the International Energy Agency (IEA) Wind Implementing Agreement Task 26, The Cost of Wind Energy, provides a review of historical costs, evaluates near-term market trends, reviews the methods used to estimate long-term cost trajectories, and summarizes the range of costs projected for onshore wind energy across an array of forward-looking studies and scenarios. It also highlights high-level market variables that have influenced wind energy costs in the past and are expected to do so into the future. Historical and Near-Term Trends in the Levelized Cost of Wind EnergyBetween 1980 and the early 2000s, significant reductions in capital cost and increases in performance had the combined effect of dramatically reducing the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) for onshore wind energy. Data from three different historical evaluations, including internal analysis by the Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory (LBNL) and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) as well as published estimates from Lemming et al. (2009) and the Danish Energy Agency (DEA) (1999), illustrate that the LCOE of wind power declined by a factor of more than three, from more than $150/MWh to approximately $50/MWh between 1980s and the early 2000s ( Figure ES-1). However, beginning in about 2003 and continuing through the latter half of the past decade, wind power capital costs increased-driven by rising commodity and raw materials prices, increased labor costs, improved manufacturer profitability, and turbine upscaling-thus pushing wind's LCOE upward in spite of continued performance improvements ( Figure ES-1). Sources: LBNL/NREL (internal analysis), Lemming et al. 2009, and DEA 1999 [2012][2013] suggests that the LCOE of onshore wind energy is now at an all-time low within fixed wind resource classes, and particularly in low and medium wind speed areas ( Figure ES-2). Moreover, the fact that capital costs remain higher than in the early 2000s but that those increased costs are rewarded by improved performance and a lower LCOE demonstrates the fundamental interdependence of capital cost and performance in wind turbine and project design. Long-term Trends in Wind Energy LCOEFurther into the future, the LCOE of wind energy is expected to continue to fall, at least on a global basis and within fixed wind resource classes. Performance improvements associated with continued turbine upscaling and design advancements are anticipated, and lower capital costs may also be achievable. The magnitude of future cost reductions, however, is highly uncertain.Estimates of the future cost of onshore wind energy conducted to date have often been the result of an iterative process that incorporates some combination of historical trends, learning curve anal...

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“…Several studies [6][7][8][9][10][11] identified this type of generator as the most suitable for direct-drive generators for wind turbines because this generator has a high force density, a high efficiency and a reasonable cost.…”

Section: A Electromagnetic Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

10 MW Wind Turbine Direct-Drive Generator Design with Pitch or Active Speed Stall Control

Polinder

Bang

Rooij

et al. 2007

2007 IEEE International Electric Machines &Amp; Drives Conference

108

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Abstract-The objectives of this paper are to investigate the feasibility of a 10 MW generator for a direct-drive wind turbine and to compare the generator systems for pitch control and for active speed stall control. The idea behind the active speed stall control concept is to make a rotor that is as simple as possible, and therefore very robust and suitable for offshore wind turbines. This is done by removing the pitch control of the blades. Above rated wind speed, the power is not controlled by controlling the pitch, but by controlling the rotor speed: the rotor speed is so much reduced that the aerodynamic power is limited to the rated value. A rough 10 MW permanent-magnet directdrive generator design is presented, indicating that such a generator is feasible. It is shown that for a thorough evaluation of active speed stall control, more knowledge is required about changes in the wind speed. However, a considerable increase in generator system cost is necessary to enable active speed stall control.

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Northern Power Systems WindPACT Drive Train Alternative Design Study Report; Period of Performance: April 12, 2001 to January 31, 2005

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Cited by 43 publications

References 0 publications

Wind Turbine Design Cost and Scaling Model

Wind Turbine Design Cost and Scaling Model

IEA Wind Task 26: The Past and Future Cost of Wind Energy, Work Package 2

10 MW Wind Turbine Direct-Drive Generator Design with Pitch or Active Speed Stall Control

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