Not a melting pot: Plant species aggregate in their non‐native range

Stotz, Gisela C.; Cahill, James; Bennett, Jonathan; Carlyle, Cameron N.; Bork, Edward W.; Askarizadeh, Diana; Bartha, Sándor; Beierkuhnlein, Carl; Boldgiv, Bazartseren; Brown, Leslie R.; Cabido, Marcelo; Campetella, Giandiego; Chelli, Stefano; Cohen, Ofer; Dı́az, Sandra; Enrico, Lucas; Ensing, David J.; Erdenetsetseg, Batdelger; Fidelis, Alessandra; Garris, Heath W.; Henry, Hugh A. L.; Jentsch, Anke; Jouri, Mohammad Hassan; Koorem, Kadri; Manning, Peter; Mitchell, Randall J.; Moora, Mari; Overbeck, Gerhard E.; Pither, Jason; Reinhart, Kurt O.; Sternberg, Marcelo; Tungalag, Radnaakhand; Undrakhbold, Sainbileg; Rooyen, Margaretha van; Wellstein, Camilla; Zobel, Martin; Fraser, Lauchlan H.

doi:10.1111/geb.13046

Cited by 22 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(102 reference statements)

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“…Our results demonstrate that unrelated range expanders can be also better competitors than related range expanders as two out of four related range expanders produced less above-ground biomass in mixtures with unrelated range expanders than with related range expanders. Field studies are needed to monitor if this enhanced competitive ability of unrelated range expanders leads to the avoidance of related and unrelated range expanders in the nature or do unrelated and related range expanders also aggregate in their new range habitats as recently reported for plant species that have moved to the new range in response to human activity (Stotz et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community‐level interactions between plants and soil biota during range expansion

et al. 2020

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Plant species that expand their range in response to current climate change will encounter soil communities that may hinder, allow or even facilitate plant performance. It has been shown repeatedly for plant species originating from other continents that these plants are less hampered by soil communities from the new than from the original range. However, information about the interactions between intra‐continental range expanders and soil communities is sparse, especially at community level. Here we used a plant–soil feedback experiment approach to examine if the interactions between range expanders and soil communities change during range expansion. We grew communities of range‐expanding and native plant species with soil communities originating from the original and new range of range expanders. In these conditioned soils, we determined the composition of fungi and bacteria by high‐throughput amplicon sequencing of the ITS region and the 16S rRNA gene respectively. Nematode community composition was determined by microscopy‐based morphological identification. Then we tested how these soil communities influence the growth of subsequent communities of range expanders and natives. We found that after the conditioning phase soil bacterial, fungal and nematode communities differed by origin and by conditioning plant communities. Despite differences in bacterial, fungal and nematode communities between original and new range, soil origin did not influence the biomass production of plant communities. Both native and range expanding plant communities produced most above‐ground biomass in soils that were conditioned by plant communities distantly related to them. Synthesis. Communities of range‐expanding plant species shape specific soil communities in both original and new range soil. Plant–soil interactions of range expanders in communities can be similar to the ones of their closely related native plant species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community‐level interactions between plants and soil biota during range expansion

et al. 2020

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“…We thus expect that communities sharing fewer species will have more variation associated with stochastic processes, making it difficult to detect clear patterns. We encourage future studies comparing communities with a wider range of shared species to better understand exotic species assemblage in the introduced range [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The introduction and invasion of exotic species across new regions is causing biotic homogenization of species assemblages at different spatial scales [1][2][3][4]. As a result, many exotic species co-occur in habitats outside their native regions [5,6]. However, to date only a few studies have assessed whether exotic species are equally abundant, and if pools of exotic species assemble similarly, in their recipient communities as in putative donor communities of their native range (see [7,8]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exotic species frequently co-occur in sites with high propagule pressure such as in ruderal or riparian habitats [17], and frequently aggregate forming patches of exotic species [5,18]. This, in addition to individual exotic species maintaining their abundances at home and away, might suggest that pools of exotic species might assemble similarly in the native and introduced communities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant Community Assembly in Invaded Recipient Californian Grasslands and Putative Donor Grasslands in Spain

et al. 2020

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The introduction of exotic species to new regions offers opportunities to test fundamental questions in ecology, such as the context-dependency of community structure and assembly. Annual grasslands provide a model system of a major unidirectional introduction of plant species from Europe to North America. We compared the community structure of grasslands in two Mediterranean regions by surveying plots in Spain and in California with similar environmental and management conditions. All species found in Spanish grasslands were native to Spain, and over half of them (74 of 139 species) are known to have colonized California. In contrast, in California, over half of the species (52 of 95 species) were exotic species, all of them native to Spain. Nineteen species were found in multiple plots in both regions (i.e., shared species). The abundance of shared species in California was either similar to (13 species) or greater than (6 species) in Spain. In California, plants considered pests were more likely than non-pest species to have higher abundance. Co-occurring shared species tended to maintain their relative abundance in native and introduced communities, which indicates that pools of exotic species might assemble similarly at home and away. These findings provide interesting insights into community assembly in novel ecosystems. They also highlight an example of startling global and local floristic homogenization.

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“…Future experiments that test competition between alien and native organisms in more diverse communities could shed light on this. However, because naturalized alien plant species often occur in species-poor communities 58 , we believe that our experiment and results are representative for plant invasions in the real world.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Soil-microbes-mediated invasional meltdown in plants

Zhang

Liu

Brunel

et al. 2020

Preprint

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13Invasive alien species are frequently assumed to be more competitive than natives. 14 Hundreds of experiments have investigated this using pairs of species. However, species 15 compete in highly diverse communities, and it remains unknown whether invasive aliens 16 are more competitive than natives in multispecies communities. We tested whether and 17 how a third plant species affects the competition between alien and native plants through 18 plant-soil feedback. We first conditioned soil with one of ten species (six natives and four 19 aliens) or without plants. Then, we grew on these 11 soils, five aliens and five natives 20 without competition, and with intra-or interspecific competition (all pairwise alien-native 21 combinations). Overall, aliens were not more competitive than natives when grown on 22 soil conditioned by other natives or on non-conditioned soil. However, aliens were more 23 competitive than natives on soil conditioned by other aliens. Soil conditioned by aliens 24 changed the competitive outcomes by affecting intrinsic growth rates (i.e. growth rates 25 without competition) of aliens less negatively than that of natives, rather than by affecting 26 the strength of competition. Rhizosphere-microbiome analysis indicated that the less 27 negative effect of aliens on other aliens is mediated by fungal endophytes. The 28 dissimilarity of fungal endophyte communities, which positively correlated with strength 29 of plant-soil feedback, was higher between two aliens than between aliens and natives. 30Our study suggests that coexistence between alien and native plants might be less likely 31 with more aliens. Such invasional meltdown through plant-soil feedback is most likely 32 mediated by spill-over of fungal endophytes. 33 34 Keywords: enemy release, invasion, invasional meltdown, microbes, multispecies, 35 novelty, plant-soil feedback 36 competition, or how individuals tolerate and suppress others) may be modified by a third 60 species 16,17 (Fig. 1b&c). For example, it was shown that Skeletonema costatum, a 61 cosmopolitan diatom, does not directly affect the growth of Karenia brevis, a dominant 62 dinoflagellate in the Gulf of Mexico, but undermines the allelopathic effects of K. 63 brevis 18 . This would also lessen the effect of K. brevis on other phytoplankton species, 64 and interactions might consequently not always remain pairwise. Therefore, we need to 65 study explicitly how a third species can affect the competition between alien and native 66 species. 67Plant competition occurs through different processes, which makes it more 68 challenging to study. The most widely studied process is resource competition 19 , partly 69 because competition for space, food and other resources is the most intuitive. 70Nevertheless, growing evidence shows that resource use alone cannot always explain 71 success of alien species [20][21][22] . Competition can also act through other trophic levels, such 72 as soil microbes. We already know that plants species modify soil microbial communities 73 with c...

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Not a melting pot: Plant species aggregate in their non‐native range

Cited by 22 publications

References 50 publications

Community‐level interactions between plants and soil biota during range expansion

Community‐level interactions between plants and soil biota during range expansion

Plant Community Assembly in Invaded Recipient Californian Grasslands and Putative Donor Grasslands in Spain

Soil-microbes-mediated invasional meltdown in plants

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