Novel Ambient Temperature Ionic Liquids for Zinc and Zinc Alloy Electrodeposition

Electropolishing of stainless steels in a choline chloride based ionic liquid: an electrochemical study with surface characterisation using SEM and atomic force microscopy

“…Eutectic mixtures of zinc, tin and iron halides, in combination with one of a variety of quaternary ammonium salts, can be easily formulated and used for metal finishing. [11][12][13][14] These ionic liquids are air and moisture stable, the components are widely available, relatively benign and inexpensive allowing their usage in large-scale applications such as metal deposition. For example zinc and zinc alloys can be electrodeposited with high current efficiency from these ionic liquids.…”

Electrofinishing of metals using eutectic based ionic liquids

“…This is due to the formation of chlorometallate anions and the thermodynamic difference in their reduction compared to the hydrated metal ions. Reports have been published on the deposition of Zn alloys with Cu, [47][48][49] Cd, 50 Sn, 46,51 Co, 52 Fe, 53 Ni 53 and Te. 54 Most of these are from Type I ZnCl 2 /EMIMCl eutectics.…”

Main chemical species and molecular structure of deep eutectic solvent studied by experiments with DFT calculation: a case of choline chloride and magnesium chloride hexahydrate

“…Becke's three-parameter functional with the Lee-Yang Parr correlation (B3LYP) [20] was used to optimize the geometrical structures and to simulate the IR spectra. 6-m ] 2-m complex. For oxygen donor ligands the most common coordination numbers is 6, Mg 2+ octahedral six-coordination is found to be dominating, particularly for monodentate ligands [20][21][22] For full geometry optimization and frequency calculations under B3LYP with basis set as 6-311++G(d), the resulting lowest energy of positive target complex structure is considered a stable structure.…”

“…DESs have been used for a variety of applications such as metal deposition and solvent systems [4,5]. A wide variety of hydrated salt mixtures with choline chloride have been found to form these deep eutectic solvents, including CaCl 2 •6H 2 O, LaCl 3 •6H 2 O, CoCl 2 •6H 2 O, LiNO 3 •4H 2 O, and Zn (NO 3 ) 2 •4H 2 O [6]. However, it was the first time for our research team to report the system formed choline chloride and magnesium chloride hexahydrate [7].…”