We report here the successful functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes with bioinspired sugar and phosphocholine polymeric structures via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. The surface-polymer-coated carbon nanotubes have been systematically analyzed by Raman, infrared, ultravioletvisible, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, which give strong evidence of successful functionalization. The successful aqueous dispersion of the functionalized carbon nanotubes also indicates that functionalization has been achieved. ) are thanked for their assistance with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry/thermogravimetric analysis, and Raman analyses, respectively. Finally, S. P. Armes (Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield) is acknowledged for his comments and critical reading of the manuscript.