Abstract. Background Paclitaxel is an anticancer drug that inhibits calcium-induced depolymerization of tubulin and thus blocks the progression of mitosis (1). It is clinically applied for the treatment of ovarian, breast, stomach and non-small cell lung cancer (2, 3). When used clinically, it causes severe side-effects such as leucopenia. thrombocytopenia, neutropenia and fatigue (4) and anorexia and constipation (5). Patients who received platinum treatment with a taxane were more likely to experience grade 2 to 4 neuropathy (6). Paclitaxel has been reported to induce oxidative stress in liver (slight, but no significant decrease in glutathione in liver) (7). Considering many beneficial effects of antioxidants under optimal conditions (usually achieved by adopting lower doses that stimulate growth) (8, 9), prevention of chemotherapeutic drug-induced neurotoxicity by antioxidants has been actively studied in recent years (10,11).In order to search for substances that reduce neurotoxicity induced by paclitaxel, we first investigated whether nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced differentiating rat neuronal cells (used as neuron model) are also very sensitive to paclitaxel, like malignant cells. The possible protective activity of four antioxidants, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride (ALC), N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and sodium ascorbate, against neurotoxicity of paclitaxel was then investigated.
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