Novel materials for solid oxide fuel cell technologies: A literature review

Abstract

This study aims to review novel materials for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) applications covered in literature. Thence, it was found that current SOFC operating conditions lead to issues, such as carbon surface deposition, sulfur poisoning and quick component degradation at high temperatures, which make it unsuitable for a few applications. Therefore, many researches are focused on cell performance enhancement through replacing the materials being used in order to improve properties and/or reduce operating temperatures. Most modifications in the anode aim to avoid some issues concerning conventionally used Ni-based materials, such as carbon deposition and sulfur poisoning, besides enhancing catalytic activity, once this component is directly exposed to the fuel. It was also found literature about the cathode with the aim of developing a material with enhanced properties in a wider temperature range, which has been compared to the currently used one: LSM perovskite (La 1-x Sr x MnO 3). Novel electrolyte materials can have ionic or protonic conductivity, thus performance degradation must be avoided at several operating conditions. In order to enhance its electrochemical performance, different materials for electrodes (cathode and anode) and electrolytes have been assessed herein.

Material and method selection for efficient solid oxide fuel cell anode: Recent advancements and reviews

“…The LaSr prepared by SSR has greater conductivity and porosity as compared with that synthesized by GDC‐citrate method. Similarly, doped lanthanum silicate apatite produced via solid has greater porosity and conductivity as compared with mechanochemical activation (MA), Pechini and sol‐gel method . The process is time consuming because surfactant impedes the surface particles from coming closer.…”

“…Similarly, doped lanthanum silicate apatite produced via solid has greater porosity and conductivity as compared with mechanochemical activation (MA), Pechini and sol-gel method. 198 The process is time consuming because surfactant impedes the surface particles from coming closer. The surfactant can be chosen carefully that may not interfere with the particles on the surface.…”

Semiconductor-Ionic Nanocomposite La0.1Sr0.9MnO3−δ-Ce0.8Sm0.2O2−δ Functional Layer for High Performance Low Temperature SOFC

“…Doped ceria possesses excellent O 2− conductivity (0.1 S cm −1 ) under 800 °C, 200 °C below than that of the YSZ [10,11,12]. However, the electronic conduction characteristic, owing to the Ce 4+ to Ce 3+ reduction in fuel cell operation, leading to losses for open circuit voltage (OCV) of the SOFC with doped ceria electrolytes [13]. …”

Design and Experimental Study of HTSG for Waste to Energy: Analysis of Pressure Difference

“…The objective of this work is to produce steam for hydrogen production using heat, and thus the SOFC is considered, as it has an operating temperature range of 600-1000 • C [13]. In addition, the minimum operating temperature of the SOFC is 700 • C, and the efficiency increases along with the heat source temperature [14].…”