Novel nanomaterials to stabilise the canvas support of paintings assessed from a conservator’s point of view

Oriola-Folch, Marta; Campo-Francés, Gema; Torroja, Anna Nualart i; Ruiz-Recasens, Cristina; Morenilla, Iris Bautista

doi:10.1186/s40494-020-00367-2

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…CNFs have been used as films [44,45] or suspensions [21,46,47] for stabilizing conventional papers and to reinforce and stabilize paintings. [48,49] Adding to the advantage of paper-like aging, strength, and processing properties, their applicability in conservation results primarily from the low-optical impairment of the objects. [21,44,46,48] In suitable concentrations of the applied suspensions, translating into different amounts of deposited material after drying, the CNF auxiliary remains almost invisible.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Fire‐Damage in Historical Papers and Alleviating Damage with Soft Cellulose Nanofibers

Völkel

Beaumont

Johansson

et al. 2022

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The conservation of historical paper objects with high cultural value is an important societal task. Papers that have been severely damaged by fire, heat, and extinguishing water, are a particularly challenging case, because of the complexity and severity of damage patterns. In‐depth analysis of fire‐damaged papers, by means of examples from the catastrophic fire in a 17th‐century German library, shows the changes, which proceeded from the margin to the center, to go beyond surface charring and formation of hydrophobic carbon‐rich layers. The charred paper exhibits structural changes in the nano‐ and micro‐range, with increased porosity and water sorption. In less charred areas, cellulose is affected by both chain cleavage and cross‐linking. Based on these results and conclusions with regard to adhesion of auxiliaries, a stabilization method is developed, which coats the damaged paper with a thin layer of cellulose nanofibers. It enables the reliable preservation of the paper and—most importantly—retrieval of the contained historical information: the nanofibers form a flexible, transparent film on the surface and adhere strongly to the damaged matrix, greatly reducing its fragility, giving it stability, and enabling digitization and further handling.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Fire‐Damage in Historical Papers and Alleviating Damage with Soft Cellulose Nanofibers

Völkel

Beaumont

Johansson

et al. 2022

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“…Mixtures of polyelectrolyte-treated silica nanoparticles (SNP) [ 88 ] and cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) have been used to treat the backside canvases of classic and modern paintings [ 89 , 90 ] or to address the conservation of iron-tannate dyed cotton [ 91 ]. The main strengthening effect induced by the presence of silica particles is an increase in the fiber stiffness, most likely owing to dense packing of the particles at the fiber surface, while CNFs film at the treated surface, allowing for increased ductility of the canvas.…”

Section: Advanced Materials For Consolidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Materials in Cultural Heritage Conservation

et al. 2021

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Cultural Heritage is a crucial socioeconomic resource; yet, recurring degradation processes endanger its preservation. Serendipitous approaches in restoration practice need to be replaced by systematically addressing conservation issues through the development of advanced materials for the preservation of the artifacts. In the last few decades, materials and colloid science have provided valid solutions to counteract degradation, and we report here the main highlights in the formulation and application of materials and methodologies for the cleaning, protection and consolidation of works of art. Several types of artifacts are addressed, from murals to canvas paintings, metal objects, and paper artworks, comprising both classic and modern/contemporary art. Systems, such as nanoparticles, gels, nanostructured cleaning fluids, composites, and other functional materials, are reviewed. Future perspectives are also commented, outlining open issues and trends in this challenging and exciting field.

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“…Below, details about the composition and the number of treatments applied on model samples are reported. The preparation of functionalised particles is described elsewhere [59,60,68]. Treatment 1 -CMC@SNP + CNF (T1) Treatment 1 consisted of a mixture of silica nanoparticles (SNP), functionalised with a cationic layer of polyethylenimine (PEI) and an anionic layer of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) [from now on called CMC@SNP] and cellulose nanofibres (CNF).…”

Section: Sample Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterials for Combined Stabilisation and Deacidification of Cellulosic Materials—The Case of Iron-Tannate Dyed Cotton

et al. 2020

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The conservation of textiles is a challenge due to the often fast degradation that results from the acidity combined with a complex structure that requires remediation actions to be conducted at several length scales. Nanomaterials have lately been used for various purposes in the conservation of cultural heritage. The advantage with these materials is their high efficiency combined with a great control. Here, we provide an overview of the latest developments in terms of nanomaterials-based alternatives, namely inorganic nanoparticles and nanocellulose, to conventional methods for the strengthening and deacidification of cellulose-based materials. Then, using the case of iron-tannate dyed cotton, we show that conservation can only be addressed if the mechanical strengthening is preceded by a deacidification step. We used CaCO3 nanoparticles to neutralize the acidity, while the stabilisation was addressed by a combination of nanocellulose, and silica nanoparticles, to truly tackle the complexity of the hierarchical nature of cotton textiles. Silica nanoparticles enabled strengthening at the fibre scale by covering the fibre surface, while the nanocellulose acted at bigger length scales. The evaluation of the applied treatments, before and after an accelerated ageing, was assessed by tensile testing, the fibre structure by SEM and the apparent colour changes by colourimetric measurements.

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Novel nanomaterials to stabilise the canvas support of paintings assessed from a conservator’s point of view

Cited by 11 publications

References 18 publications

Assessing Fire‐Damage in Historical Papers and Alleviating Damage with Soft Cellulose Nanofibers

Assessing Fire‐Damage in Historical Papers and Alleviating Damage with Soft Cellulose Nanofibers

Advanced Materials in Cultural Heritage Conservation

Nanomaterials for Combined Stabilisation and Deacidification of Cellulosic Materials—The Case of Iron-Tannate Dyed Cotton

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