Novel snake papillomavirus does not cluster with other non-mammalian papillomaviruses

Lange, Christian E.; Favrot, Claude; Ackermann, Mathias; Gull, Jessica; Vetsch, Elisabeth; Tobler, Kurt

doi:10.1186/1743-422x-8-436

Cited by 31 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Individual types have been shown to be highly species and tissue specific. To date, papillomaviruses have been described in fish (16), reptiles (17,18), birds (19) and mammals (20). Based on the suggestion that papillomaviruses have coevolved with their hosts (21), it appears that papillomaviruses have been an evolutionary success for over 500 million years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Papillomavirus Episteme: a major update to the papillomavirus sequence database

et al. 2016

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The Papillomavirus Episteme (PaVE) is a database of curated papillomavirus genomic sequences, accompanied by web-based sequence analysis tools. This update describes the addition of major new features. The papillomavirus genomes within PaVE have been further annotated, and now includes the major spliced mRNA transcripts. Viral genes and transcripts can be visualized on both linear and circular genome browsers. Evolutionary relationships among PaVE reference protein sequences can be analysed using multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic trees. To assist in viral discovery, PaVE offers a typing tool; a simplified algorithm to determine whether a newly sequenced virus is novel. PaVE also now contains an image library containing gross clinical and histopathological images of papillomavirus infected lesions. Database URL: https://pave.niaid.nih.gov/.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Papillomavirus Episteme: a major update to the papillomavirus sequence database

et al. 2016

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“…Papillomaviruses (PVs) are ubiquitous, highly diverse, DNA viruses that have been isolated from all four classes of Tetrapoda , including most mammals as well as birds, turtles and snakes [1-3]; their origin predates the existence of modern humans [4-7]. Observational accounts of warts from ancient Greece and Rome describe condylomatous lesions on the skin and genitals and they presumed that genital warts were associated with promiscuous sexual behavior.…”

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confidence: 99%

Human Papillomavirus Genomics: Past, Present and Future

Harari

Chen

Burk³

2014

Current Problems in Dermatology

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“…No viral DNA was amplified with any of the broad-range PCRs, which have previously been used to detect papillomavirus DNA in various species. 11,22 Also immunohistochemistry, which had successfully been applied to detect papillomavirus antigen in mammal and bird species before, failed to detect papillomavirus group-specific antigen in the tested samples. 5,19,39 A novel herpesvirus related to gaviid herpesvirus 1 was found in 3 of 20 samples in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pododermatitis in Captive and Free-Ranging Greater Flamingos (Phoenicopterus roseus)

Wyss

Schumacher

Wenker³

et al. 2015

Vet Pathol

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Pododermatitis is frequent in captive flamingos worldwide, but little is known about the associated histopathologic lesions. Involvement of a papillomavirus or herpesvirus has been suspected. Histopathologic evaluation and viral assessment of biopsies from 19 live and 10 dead captive greater flamingos were performed. Selected samples were further examined by transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Feet from 10 dead free-ranging greater flamingos were also evaluated. The histologic appearance of lesions of flamingos of increasing age was interpreted as the progression of pododermatitis. Mild histologic lesions were seen in a 3-week-old flamingo chick with no macroscopic lesions, and these were characterized by Micrococcus-like bacteria in the stratum corneum associated with exocytosis of heterophils. The inflammation associated with these bacteria may lead to further histologic changes: irregular columnar proliferations, papillary squirting, and dyskeratosis. In more chronic lesions, hydropic degeneration of keratinocytes, epidermal hyperplasia, and dyskeratosis were seen at the epidermis, as well as proliferation of new blood vessels and increased intercellular matrix in the dermis. Papillomavirus DNA was not identified in any of the samples, while herpesvirus DNA was seen only in a few cases; therefore, these viruses were not thought to be the cause of the lesions. Poor skin health through suboptimal husbandry may weaken the epidermal barrier and predispose the skin to invasion of Micrococcus-like bacteria. Histologic lesions were identified in very young flamingos with no macroscopic lesions; this is likely to be an early stage lesion that may progress to macroscopic lesions. Keywords bacteria, bumblefoot, electron microscopy, greater flamingo, histology, Phoenicopterus roseus, pododermatitis, virology Greater flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber roseus) are kept in captivity worldwide, but especially in Europe (65% of 139 International Species Inventory System [ISIS] member institutions), with a total of approximately 5500 birds. 18 Pododermatitis was the reason for euthanasia or a secondary finding in 95% of the flamingos (18/19) necropsied between 2000 and 2011 at the Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Switzerland (F. Wyss, unpublished survey, 2011). Corroborating these findings, a survey of the European and North American flamingo population showed varying degrees of gross plantar foot lesions in up to 100% of captive flamingos examined. 28 Many types of birds, including raptors, penguins, water fowl, and cockatiels, develop pododermatitis. 12,14 Wild birds are rarely affected. 9,16,20 This was supported by the evaluation of free-ranging greater flamingos in the Camargue, France, which did not show any foot lesions. 41 Factors influencing the level of pododermatitis have been evaluated mainly from poultry farm data, where nutrition 6,26 and substrate 2,24,25,27 were identified as contributing factors. The types of flooring in water ponds and dietary zinc availability h...

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Novel snake papillomavirus does not cluster with other non-mammalian papillomaviruses

Cited by 31 publications

References 23 publications

The Papillomavirus Episteme: a major update to the papillomavirus sequence database

The Papillomavirus Episteme: a major update to the papillomavirus sequence database

Human Papillomavirus Genomics: Past, Present and Future

Pododermatitis in Captive and Free-Ranging Greater Flamingos (Phoenicopterus roseus)

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