Novel sources of variation in grain Zinc (Zn) concentration in bread wheat germplasm derived from Watkins landraces

Khokhar, Jaswant S.; King, Julie; King, Ian P.; Young, Scott D.; Foulkes, M. J.; Silva, Jayalath De; Weerasinghe, Minuka; Mossa, Abdul‐Wahab; Griffiths, Simon; Riche, A. B.; Hawkesford, Malcolm J.; Shewry, Peter R.; Broadley, Martin R.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0229107

Cited by 40 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Beyond Zn, wheat is an important dietary source of a range of other mineral micronutrients. Positive correlations between grain Zn and Fe concentrations have been reported when different varieties of wheat are being phenotyped (e.g., Khokhar et al, 2020). Interventions to increase dietary Zn intake through breeding might therefore have added nutritional benefits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Grain digestion and elemental analysis methods are described in Khokhar et al (2018Khokhar et al ( , 2020. Briefly, approximately 10 grains (whole-grain) were dried, weighed, and soaked in 3 mL 70% Trace Analysis Grade (TAG) HNO 3 and 2 mL H 2 O 2 , at room temperature overnight, in perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) tubes (Anton Paar GmbH, Graz, Austria).…”

Section: Determining Grain Concentration Of Zn and Other Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Site-Specific Factors Influence the Field Performance of a Zn-Biofortified Wheat Variety

Zia

Ahmed

Bailey

et al. 2020

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Background: Biofortification of wheat with zinc (Zn) through breeding and agronomy can reduce Zn deficiencies and improve human health. "High-Zn" wheat varieties have been released in India and Pakistan, where wheat is consumed widely as a dietary staple. The aim of this study was to quantify the potential contribution of a "high-Zn" wheat variety (Triticum aestivum L. var. Zincol-2016) and Zn fertilizers to improving dietary Zn supply under field conditions in Pakistan. Methods: Grain Zn concentration of Zincol-2016 and local reference varieties were determined at three sites of contrasting soil Zn status: Faisalabad (Punjab Province; diethylenetriamine pentaacetate-(DTPA-)extractable Zn, 1.31 mg kg −1 soil; gross plot size 13.3 m 2 ; n = 4; reference var. Faisalabad-2008), Islamabad (Capital Territory; 0.48 mg kg −1 ; 4.6 m 2 ; n = 5; reference var. NARC-2011), and Pir Sabak (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, KPK, Province; 0.12 mg kg −1 soil; 9.1 m 2 ; n = 4; reference vars. Pirsabak-2015, Wadhan-2017). Eight Zn fertilizer treatment levels were tested using a randomized complete block design: control; soil (5 or 10 kg ha −1 ZnSO 4 .H 2 O; 33% Zn applied at sowing); foliar (0.79 or 1.58 kg of ZnSO 4 .H 2 O ha −1 applied as a 250 L ha −1 drench at crop booting stage); three soil × foliar combinations. Results: At the Faisalabad site, the grain Zn concentration of Zincol-2016 was greater than Faisalabad-2008, with no yield penalty. Zincol-2016 did not have larger grain Zn concentrations than reference varieties used at Islamabad or Pir Sabak sites, which both had a lower soil Zn status than the Faisalabad site. Foliar Zn fertilization increased grain Zn concentration of all varieties at all sites. There were no significant effects of soil Zn fertilizers, or variety•fertilizer interactions, on grain Zn concentration or yield. Conclusions: Environment and management affect the performance of "high-Zn" wheat varieties, and these factors needs to be evaluated at scale to assess the potential Zia et al. Field Performance of Zn-Biofortified Wheat nutritional impact of Zn biofortified crops. Designing studies to detect realistic effect sizes for new varieties and crop management strategies is therefore an important consideration. The current study indicated that nine replicate plots would be needed to achieve 80% power to detect a 25% increase in grain Zn concentration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Determining Grain Concentration Of Zn and Other Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Site-Specific Factors Influence the Field Performance of a Zn-Biofortified Wheat Variety

Zia

Ahmed

Bailey

et al. 2020

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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“…Genetic biofortification approaches are becoming an increasingly promising avenue, with advances in genomic biotechnology and resources enabling the use of transgenics, genome-edited plants, as well as highly efficient modernized traditional breeding practices (Saltzman et al, 2013;Borrill et al, 2014;Bouis and Saltzman, 2017;Khokhar et al, 2020). While conventional breeding programs have had some success in achieving micronutrient biofortification, they remain constrained by time, genetic variability within source populations, and the complex nature of grain nutrient accumulation processes (Naqvi et al, 2009).…”

Section: Genetic Biofortification Approaches For Znmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc in plants: Integrating homeostasis and biofortification

et al. 2022

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Zinc plays many essential roles in life. As a strong Lewis acid that lacks redox activity under environmental and cellular conditions, the Zn 2+ cation is central in determining protein structure and catalytic function of nearly 10% of most eukaryotic proteomes. While specific functions of zinc have been elucidated at a molecular level in a number of plant proteins, wider issues abound with respect to the acquisition and distribution of zinc by plants. An important challenge is to understand how plants balance between Zn supply in soil and their own nutritional requirement for zinc, particularly where edaphic factors lead to a lack of bioavailable zinc or, conversely, an excess of zinc that bears a major risk of phytotoxicity. Plants are the ultimate source of zinc in the human diet, and human Zn deficiency accounts for over 400 000 deaths annually. Here, we review the current understanding of zinc homeostasis in plants from the molecular and physiological perspectives. We provide an overview of approaches pursued so far in Zn biofortification of crops. Finally, we outline a ''push-pull'' model of zinc nutrition in plants as a simplifying concept. In summary, this review discusses avenues that can potentially deliver wider benefits for both plant and human Zn nutrition.

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“…The detection of marker-trait associations by GWAS is highly dependent on the genetic and phenotypic variation within the panel. Therefore, the characterisation of iron and zinc contents in genetically diverse panels, such as the HarvestPlus Association Mapping panel (Velu et al 2016) and germplasm derived from the Watkins landraces (Khokhar et al 2020), will be valuable for GWAS studies. Indeed, Velu et al (2018) discovered 39 marker-trait associations for zinc content, including major loci on chromosomes 2 and 7 using the HarvestPlus Association Mapping panel.…”

Section: Genome-wide Association Studies (Gwas)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying genomic resources to accelerate wheat biofortification

Ali

Borrill

2020

Heredity

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Wheat has low levels of the micronutrients iron and zinc in the grain, which contributes to 2 billion people suffering from micronutrient deficiency globally. While wheat flour is commonly fortified during processing, an attractive and more sustainable solution is biofortification, which could improve micronutrient content in the human diet, without the sustainability issues and costs associated with conventional fortification. Although many studies have used quantitative trait loci mapping and genome-wide association to identify genetic loci to improve micronutrient contents, recent developments in genomics offer an opportunity to accelerate marker discovery and use gene-focussed approaches to engineer improved micronutrient content in wheat. The recent publication of a high-quality wheat genome sequence, alongside gene expression atlases, variation datasets and sequenced mutant populations, provides a foundation to identify genetic loci and genes controlling micronutrient content in wheat. We discuss how novel genomic resources can identify candidate genes for biofortification, integrating knowledge from other cereal crops, and how these genes can be tested using gene editing, transgenic and TILLING approaches. Finally, we highlight key challenges remaining to develop wheat cultivars with high levels of iron and zinc.

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Novel sources of variation in grain Zinc (Zn) concentration in bread wheat germplasm derived from Watkins landraces

Cited by 40 publications

References 36 publications

Site-Specific Factors Influence the Field Performance of a Zn-Biofortified Wheat Variety

Site-Specific Factors Influence the Field Performance of a Zn-Biofortified Wheat Variety

Zinc in plants: Integrating homeostasis and biofortification

Applying genomic resources to accelerate wheat biofortification

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